Today's dogs serve as a number of different tools. We train dogs to see for the blind, we train them to sniff for drugs, we train them to save people's lives, and we train them to be our faithful companions. There is no doubt that the dog has a wide variety of skills and jobs. We selectively breed the dog to gain the certain attributes we are seeking, and we know which dogs will perform the best at what we want them to do. The question is how long ago, and why did the dog become our aids, tools, and companions? Answering this question means dealing with the four fields of Anthropology: Ethnologically, Archaeologically, Physically, and Linguistically.
             The most obvious way to learn about the past of the dog species, is to treat it the same way we treat ancient societies. Archaeologists study where they once were, look at their remains. Where they lived, what they looked like, and how they changed over time. An example of using the Archaeological field of Anthropology would be the excavation of the Roman city, Pompeii, which was destroyed by the volcano Vesuvius in AD 79. When finally excavated, searchers found the remains of a dog lying across a child, apparently trying to protect him. By looking at this individual skeleton, we can estimate that just 1900 years ago, the inhabitants knew of the dog's desire to protect. They probably counted on dogs similarly to the way we do today. Other archaeological digs have suggested that the relationship between dogs and humans dates to about 14,000 years ago. Most experts do agree the dog was the first domesticated animal, was domesticated around 14 to 15,000 years ago. The earliest bones of dogs that we have recovered come from a site called ein Mallaha in Israel. This site was discovered in 1979 and the bones date back to 12,000 years old but historians believe the dog had been domesticated even a few thousand years before that.
             Another field of Anthropology is t...