Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx have been deeply influential in developing the sociology of law. While many argue that their ideas build upon one another, others argue that the thoughts of Durkheim, Weber, and Marx simply repeat, in different words, many of the same theories. The Supreme Court Cases of Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger provide real-word examples of how Marx, Durheim and Weber saw the sociology of the law. Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx all had a profound influence on the development of the sociology of law, and their theories built upon the other in many ways. Durkheim, Weber, and Marx are known as classical sociological theorists who argued that specific structural conditions led to different types of law and unique legal systems. Weber looked at economic, ideological and poetical factors in trying to lead him to a multi-causal explanation (page 46). Marx never developed a sociology of law per se, although he does stand "with Durkheim and Weber as a giant in the analysis of society" (page 49). It can also be argued that the theorie

Introduction The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman follows the journey of Lia Lee and her parents as they attempt to engage in Western medicine and find help for Lia's epilepsy. Although the tale ends in tragedy for Lia, the story clearly elucidates stark contrasts between Western and Eastern medicine. Additionally, the story teaches the reader about understanding other cultures and working to improve outcomes for all individuals in need of medical care. Three Themes in the Book Considering first the specific themes that are present in the book, it seems reasonable to argue that cultural differences, ignorance and mis-communication are among the most notable. Considering first the issue of cultural differences, there are several instances that demonstrate the stark contrasts that exist between Western and Eastern culture. In the opening of the book, for instance, Fadiman considers how Lia's birth would have been different had she lived in her native co

"Do you agree with the following: Rome conquered the Greek empire and its civilization, but Greek culture conquered Rome?" This paper will argue that this statement is true. Furthermore, the Romans were willing co-conspirators, replacing the relatively primitive (and displaced) Etruscan and Latin cultures with the far more nuanced and rich Greek culture. One can regard the Romans as having taken the best of Greek culture and made it their own. Greeks provided architecture, systems of government, the religion of Rome (with Roman names replacing Greek names; Zeux=Jupter, etc.). This does not mean that the Romans admired the Greeks in all things. Instead, as the Spartans judged Athenians to be 'civilized,' so did the Romans regard the Greeks as civilized, and therefore 'decadent.' Indeed, even those Greek natives who became Roman citizens were suspected by Roman leaders: When Demosthenes consulted Hadrian about his foundation, the emperor congratulated him and his city not for his service to the Empire, but for the "honorable ambition"...(Braund). This implies that Hadrian, like most

Greek culture had a powerful influence in the development of Western civilization. Most of western society was built under Roman influence, and Roman culture was highly inspired by the Greeks. The legacy of Hellenic Greece over the world was rich and vast, but we will focus in this paper on the main subjects that inspired the future development of civilization: politics, mathematics and art. The Hellenic Period is the "Classical" period of Greek culture. The stage between the defeat of the Persians and the conquests of Alexander the Great, c. 500- 300 BC. Between 600 and 200 BC the Greek philosophy was the foundation of all philosophical speculation of the Western world. The hypothesis of some Greek thinkers prepared the grounds for various theories of modern science; even some moral ideas conceived by Greek philosophers have been incorporated into the Christian doctrine. Socrates used the language as a way of resolving the conflicts of his search. He proposed an idea and confronted

The Energy Symposium: The Rosenfeld Effect was held in the Sibley Auditorium on April 28, 2006. We will focus on the first session, where John Holdren discussed the challenges of the global energy environment and how increasing energy efficiency can help provide useful solutions. According to John Holdren, the aims of an efficient energy policy are multiple-folded, differentiated across d

Tennessee Williams' play, A Streetcar Named Desire revolves around the male-female dynamic, as most of the other writings of the American playwright. In this sense, the relationships that develop between Stanley Kowalski on the one hand, and the two sisters, Stella Kowalski, his wife and Blanche DuBois are essential for the understanding of the work. To solve the equation made by these three characters, we must first investigate the main characteristics of each of them. The unknown element in the equation is also a common theme of all of Williams' plays: desire and the way in which it structures human life. The three main characters of the play are drafted to suit Williams' specific view of the relationship between women and men: Stanley is the brute-like male, Blanche the embodiment of the feminine delicate and over-imaginative spirit, and Stella, the submissive, weak type of woman, healthy and dedicated to her husband and family. Thus, Stanley is the prototype of absolute manhood,

A quarter of the population of the United States is in or has a job related to the armed services. These uniformed service people number over 9 million in active and reserve duties. They are made up of military families, service members, retirees, the families of soldiers, veterans and survivors of those who have perished. To serve the medical needs of all these people, the Military Health System employs over 150,000 personnel, both civilians and military medical, who provide services both in combat zones and wherever military people serve in the world. Over 400 clinics and 70 hospitals are operated throughout the world. These medical personnel assist aeromedical evacuations, work aboard ships and under the sea. They deliver aid to those in crisis and are trained in emergency response capabilities. They conduct medical research through Department of Defense research organizations that might save lives in battle or treat cancer, PTSD, clinical problems or traumatic brain injuries. This

Ever since Daniel Jones's pioneering study on the social reaction to variations in British accents, interest in the topic has led linguistic researchers to conduct a number of interesting studies which have shown that social attitudes to regional and non-regional accents have somewhat shifted over time. Indeed, it is worthwhile to investigate some of the conclusions Jones drew in order to evaluate whether they might still hold up in today's moral climate. Jones was a proponent of what may be considered to be the liberal interpretation of variation in speech. First published in Great Britain in the 1930s, Jones's intention was to elucidate variations in British pronunciation in order to understand why certain accents were considered to be "vulgar" or "ugly" by others. Jones determined that southern British accents were preferable by the majority of society to northern accents. But there was also a class-based issue at stake, as the more privil

ABSTRACT/INTRODUCTION The purpose of the proposed research is to create a vaccine proposal to be sent to the FDA protecting Americans from Anthrax, small pox and sarin. This proposal demonstrates clearly the immediate need for approval of legislation to provide protection to the American people from chemical and biological warfare, in the manner described below. VACCINE PROS AND CONS To research the good and bad of this vaccine one must observe previous empirical studies providing data on the use of vaccines against chemical agents or biological warfare. In this case, there are according to Rettig (1999) several "RAND" reports available for review on the negative health effects of chemical and biological weapons including those causing infectious diseases; there are also dozens of reports with positive information related to the use of immunizations including vaccinations against biological warfare in these reports (p.6). Thus, to investigate the efficacy of a vaccine s

The impression one receives when closely reviewing portions of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness - embracing New Criticism strategies along the way - is a frank and seemingly journalistic encounter recounting utilizing Conrad's original storytelling and fictional ideas. The ideas from the narrative text must be taken at face value in order to follow New Criticism style, and with Conrad's protagonist Charlie Marlow, there is ample unity between what the character does, how he reacts, and what the story is delivering to the reader. This narrative is not necessarily to be taken in the sense of deep literary symbolism or irony; it is simply descriptive writing designed to draw the reader into the womb of the story. The novel is about post-colonial Africa. The reader can, if he or she chooses, make more of the narrative than the author intended, but this is true of most all literature, and in this instance, it abides by the non-specific "rules" if you will, of New Criticism formatting. P

"Almost Famous" was a critically-acclaimed film directed by Cameron Crowe and produced in 2000. The film features rock music culture during the early 1970s and actual bands like Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath are mentioned in the film to provide context. The protagonist of the film is William (played by Patrick Fugit), a teenager who aspires to be a rock journalist. He is unusually driven for a boy his age, and follows his dream passionately. When William gets the opportunity to cover a band called Stillwater, he jumps at the opportunity. Although the film is about his budding career as a journalist, "Almost Famous" is also about the way William comes of age. He learns many of life's tough lessons while on the road with Stillwater. William falls in love with Penny Lane (Kate Hudson), who breaks his heart. William also learns how to persevere through obstacles and stick to his principles. William succeeds because of his persistence, coura

There are two types of flying squirrels native to North America, the Northern and Southern Flying Squirrels. They do not have wings like birds, but they do have excess skin on their bodies between their legs that spreads out and acts as wings when they "fly" from tree to tree in the forest. There are several other species of the flying squirrel native to Asia and Central and South America, as well. They are mammals and belong to the genus Glaucomys, and they range over much of North America, from Canada to the Gulf Coast. In appearance, they look more like chinchillas, pikas, or even hamsters than traditional squirrels. They are extremely tiny, and can be hard to spot if you go looking for them in the forest. They are grey or brown in color, and are covered in dense, soft fur. They will bite if you try to handle them. The Northern flying squirrel ranges from Nova Scotia to Alaska, and as far south as California and North Carolina. The Southern flying squirrel lives from Canada to the Gulf Coast on the eastern United States. Both species live in tall trees and glide from tree to tree in search of their food, which includes nuts, ve

Introduction The early Christian church existed in a hostile milieu of polytheistic and pagan belief systems, and had to fight against prevailing beliefs in order to survive. Although Hellenist, Roman and Jewish religions of the time have been well-documented, the role of the female in these religions has not been studied as extensively. This paper contends that early Christian leaders engaged in an active campaign to reduce the influence of women by reacting against female-dominated religions in their regions, and by subsuming the role of women in Christianity. There has been little written about the role of women in the early Christian church until the past 20 years. In the definitive Cambridge "Early Christian Church," a good deal of time is spent on Hellenic and Jewish traditions, but no mention is made of women, either in pre-Christian or proto-Christian times (Carrington 1957). This situation has changed somewhat in the past 20 years, but there is still relativel

This Research paper studies about the welfare state typology of Gost Esping Andersen based on his book of The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism . Second part of this research paper refines the idea that leads the corporist Ireland and Neo liberal Britain.

Introduction The appropriate use of socio-dramatic play in the classroom settings is identified as an important facet in education (Isenberg & Quisenberry, 1988; Bredekamp & Copple, 1997). Socio-dramatic play compels children to use their imagination, thoughts and creativity, which makes this play extremely distinctive. Children assume different roles in these plays; they also engage in talks and discussions and utilize different kinds of physical objectives (manipulative). Socio-dramatic plays can be distinguished within a certain framework. In line with Smilansky and Shefatya (1990), this framework ought to possess the following characteristics: "1.Children have time, space, and evocative objects; 2. It is a cooperative enterprise; 3. It is characterized by personal freedom; 4. It develops according to a pre-defined theme; 5. It is an expressive world of make-believe yet is reality bound; 6. Players must be understood by other players in order to achieve continui

Jane appears to suffer from a number of personality disorders due to her family situation. Her parents and her siblings all appear, both to her and to the world in general, to find success without effort. Their physical attributes furthermore contribute, or seem to contribute, and to work in concomitant with their drive towards success. In other words; they are driven because they are beautiful and therefore attain success; and their beauty gives them drive. When any of Jane's four family members therefore attempt something new, success is almost inevitable. Not being endowed with the same physical beauty of her parents or siblings, it is to be expected that Jane would feel somewhat left behind by the success that her family achieved. Expecting the same level of success from Jane as from their other children, Jane's parents achieve the opposite by giving her negative feedback. Rather than being supportive, they are abrasive even when Jane tries her best to reach their s

The Superintendent of Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Peter Gorman addressed the Rotary Club in 2006 with a speech that addressed a plethora of issues. Gorman focused in particular on how schools and community organizations like the Rotary Club can work together to bring more ethics, fairness, and integrity into the Charlotte-Mecklenburg school system. Opening with the emphatic statement, "Dramatic reform is going to happen," Gorman grabbed the audience's attention by pointing out areas of major concern like failing test scores. However, Gorman also raised questions about the gap between rich and poor students that impacts not only test scores but also community integrity. For example, Gorman notes that by the time a student reaches high school, parental involvement in the child's education and in the school system in general wanes or stops completely. Gorman points out how detrimenta

One of the most pressing legal issues that the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind is facing is issues pertaining to employee hiring, firing and management. Within this area of employment law, the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind has faced several discrimination claims filed against them by employees. The majority of these discrimination claims were based on a claim that an employment decision was based on the employee's disability. Because the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind is a publicly funded entity, it is considered a body of the government and is thus held to a specific standard for determining whether or not they acted in a discriminatory fashion. The Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind claims that they had an important need for the so-called discrimination in that the employee's disabilities prevented them from being able to carry out the important functions required of working with a deaf and blind population. For example, Kevin Nealey, a dormitory instructor, claimed that he was demoted t

The Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind was founded in 1885, and now has grown to both public K-12 and University programs with a number of campuses throughout the state. According to the school's website, www.fsdb.k12.us/about, the school provides free admissions for all residents of Florida with a mission "to utilize all available talent, energy, and resources to provide public education for eligible sen

Dear Superintendent P- Of course, we as administrators and educators in the educational district of X pride ourselves on fostering creativity and tailoring our educational initiatives to individual students' needs. But given the recent passage of the No Child Left Behind Act. (NCLBA) we may need to reevaluate critical facets of our program and philosophy. The No Child Left Behind Act. (NCLBA) is one of the most controversial recent educational initiatives of recent memory. For many educators, NCLBA is both confusing in its vagueness and overly directive in its prescriptions. But it cannot be ignored and it is crucial that all relevant personnel become familiar with its implications. The law requires states to test students and report on their progress, but does not specify what those standards should be. States set the standards for schools. Failing schools must allow students to enroll in publi

There might be contentions in some sectors of the American society that putting the In God We Trust phase in U.S. currencies violates the First Amendment rights which states that: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances (The United States Constitution)." But if the amendment is carefully dissected, it states a general clause that tempers the government from prohibiting the free

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the book "Foreign Babes in Beijing: Behind the Scenes of a New China" by Rachel DeWoskin. Specifically, it will discuss the author's statement, "I imagined cultures were contained in their language"(DeWoskin 42), and how language expresses the culture DeWoskin encounters in Beijing. The author opens her book by noting how important language was to her encounters in China. She writes, "At the core of all my Beijing interactions, both the successful and the not so successful, was language" (DeWoskin 10). She and her friends even developed "Chinglish" a blend of Chinese and English they used when they spoke. She lives in Beijing and comes to love the city and the people of the city. She also learns volumes about the Chinese and English cultures, and how they often clash. Most of all, she learns the importance of the language of Chinese, and how difficult it can be to put the same ideas expressed in Chinese into English. In fact,

In A Jury of Our Fears, Judge Harold J. Rothwax argues convincingly that the American jury system is plagued with several serious problems. Chief among them, compulsory jury service enforcement, the incomprehensible requirement in almost every state and the federal court system for unanimous jury verdicts, despite not being required by the Constitution; and the corruption of peremptory challenges in jury selection through the use of expert jury consultants. Rothwax explains that compulsory jury service is not a particularly effective means of establishing jury pools, partly because the juror summons is largely unenforced and partly because it relies on methods that ignore large segments of the population. Since most jurisdictions rely on voting registration lists to establish their jury pools, it automatically ignores most nonvoters, which may be a very substantial percentage in some areas. The fact that compliance with juror summonses

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the book "Stealing Buddha's Dinner" by Bich Minh Nguyen. Specifically it will discuss what the reader learned about Vietnamese culture by reading the book. This book is a very enlightening glimpse into Vietnamese culture by a young woman who immigrated to America in 1975 from Vietnam with her family, and desperately wanted to fit in to American society. In her attempts to become westernized, she paints vivid portraits of the culture she left behind and now wants to give up. The author has a very eloquent way of telling her story and weaving in details of Vietnamese culture, even though she tried so hard to resist its influence in her life. For example, she notes that she does not celebrate a birthday, because her father could not remember the family's birthdays when they first immigrated to America, and so, the date of birth on all her official documents is wrong. She writes, "Perhaps because his mind was distracted, or perhaps because in Vietnam death is remembered m

A unique feature of the Roman society was its increased interest towards leisure and entertainment activities. During a time of wars and desires to rule the world, the Romans would easily find time to engage in relaxing activities. The fact that the slaves were the only ones working the entire year and not permitted to attend public events, allowed the Romans to engage in numerous activities in the area of entertainment. Furthermore, different from other cultures is the fact that these activities would apply to both the wealthy population as well as the poorer one. "The people of ancient Roman society occupied their leisure with a variety of activities. Many of these activities were available to people of all social classes."1 This only means that the Romans were a unified people that granted all the Empire citizens' equal rights to work and enjoy themselves. But even though all Romans had the right to participate in leisure activities, these were restricted based on social