Langston Hughes is often referred to as of one of the most important originators and exponents of African American literature. Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, on 1st February, 1902. After his father deserted the family Langston was brought up by his grandmother. At an early age he was introduced to the writings of William Du Bois. Du Bois was a well–known political activist in America in the early Twentieth Century and has been called the "father of Pan-Africanism" (W.E.B.Du BIOS is the father of pan-africanism who was his mentor). Hughes imbibed many of his critical views about racism and injustice in society from this figure. His interest in poetry was inculcated and influenced by the work of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman. In 1921 his poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, was published in Crisis, the journal of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP). (Spartacus International) He subsequently produ

A Comparison of Langston Hughes' End and Cristina Rossetti's Uphill The two poems, End and Uphill, by Langston Hughes and Cristina Rossetti respectively, have a common theme: death. However, the overall message of the poems is very different, as two distinct perspectives on death and its meaning unfold. Thus, Hughes' poem describes death as an absolute final destination, as the title also indicates. The brief but effective title, "End", suggests an ultimate state of nothingness, from which there is no respite. The poem's form is also very significant: the text is formed exclusively of negations instead of assertions. The images constructed in the poem are all negated: there are no clocks on the wall, there is no time, there are no shadows, there is neither light nor darkness and there is no door. These negated enumerations are symbolic: the absence of clocks and of time and the disappearance of light and darkness point to the abolishment of the indispensible principles of life and existence. The imagery of absolute nothing

Slovenia gained its independence in 1991 and since 2004 it has been a member of the European Union. The country "lies at the heart of Europe, where the Alps and the Mediterranean meet the Pannonian plains and the mysterious Karst. To the north is Austria; to the east, Hungary; to the south, Croatia; and to the west, Italy" (Mat'Kurja). The country's people are warm and welcoming and they place a high value on their cultural and historical heritage. The economic indicators point out an economic status above the average of the EU and a tendency for continued and sustained growth. Slovenia is currently the 84th largest economy in the globe with an estimated gross domestic product for 2007 of $57.67 billion (Central Intelligence Agency, 2008). 1. Demographics a. Total Population The total population of Slovenia as estimated in 2007 was 2,007,711 individuals. Almost all inhabitants know how to read and write and the literacy rate has been estimated at around 99.7 percent in 2007. The mal

1. The company manufactures their products in the U.S. and has the commodities made in Mexico. Since the Mexico subsidy is financed through loans from the U.S., the devaluing of the peso should have limited negative implications. Given the current situation, it means that the exports from Mexico will become cheaper. In other words, it will be easier for the American company to produce their commodities there. Foremost, since the Mexican subsidy is financed from the United States b

Introduction Open source software is challenging the business models of traditional enterprise software vendors and revolutionizing how operating systems, databases and desktop applications are created and supported. The economics of open source are re-defining the business models of the largest enterprise software companies globally (Bitzer, H Schröder, 2007). It is has in fact had a major impact on the Microsoft business model, forcing the world's largest software company to re-define their stance on open source and as of July, adopt it as one of the standards it develops software for (Lai, Gralla, 2008). Open sources' pervasive influence on software begins with the desktop (Weiss, 2008) and now encompasses integration standards including XML (Morgan, 2005). Open sources' impact on databases has been one of the application areas where the greatest degree of innovation has occurred, both from a business model and technological perspective (Ebert, 2008). Open s

The study focuses specifically on measuring the quality price, quickness, an efficiency of the services used. These services were made up of large and well known companies offering electronic document delivery, and included such big names as BLDSC, ProQuest Direct, SearchBank, EiText, and British Library Inside. These companies offer consumer published scholarly articles, books, and other forms of printed academic and market research material for a certain price based per work. After initial purchase, the consumer would then have their document delivered via the internet. This particular study weighed out the different qualities desired by each consumer, reliability, quickness, and price. Therefore, the researchers found different results based on which quality is more desired by each individual consumer, making this study incredibly well rounded and informative to a wide variety of potential consumers based on the breadth of information over several fields that it presents.

Alternatives to criminal justice system have been the growing part of the debate surrounding the theory of criminology. Shaming: In this arena of alternatives to criminal justice system, the most distinctive contribution has been John Braithwaite's theory of regenerative shaming which conjectures "the efficacy of re-integrative shaming and the counter-productiveness of stigmatization in controlling crime. John Braithwaite has asserted persuasively that the twin informal controls dissuading most people from offending against their fellow brethren are what he termed 'social disapproval' and 'pangs of conscience'". (Moore, n. d.) The formal criminal justice system in practice in the present modern era is all built upon "a model of the state intervening so as to remedy the behavior of reasonable and rational individuals who have made choices that are socially undesirable. Shaming, under the theory of regenerative shaming, on the other hand, str

During the 1800s, Edinburgh, Scotland was plagued with a unique problem of supply and demand. Scientists and doctors sought to learn about human anatomy, but few were willing to supply enough human corpses to meet medical professionals' needs. In order to satisfy this problem, scientists and doctors turned to the black market-a couple of grave robbers turned murderers named Burke and Hare. Today, some see a comparable situation in the treatment of organs for transplant. Around 100,000 Americans demand organs for the sustaining of the lives, while only around 16,000 organs are provided. Although the current situation involving human organs needed for transplant and the black market has not resulted in grave desecration and murder, the problem is similar implications for the laws of supply and demand and the black market. Free market economists Charles T. Carlstron and Christy D. Rollow argue that using market incentives will help solve the shortage of these valuable organs, which are necessary for the lives of many. Although this concept may seem gruesome to many, an exploration of free market economics and an investigation into the current

Humanism gained ground in the Renaissance in part as a revival of classical learning, and such a revival included a new study of classical humanism from the Greek and Roman world. Classical humanism placed an emphasis on philosophy and codes of ethics, notably embodied in the writings of Plato and Aristotle and many of their contemporaries. Artists in the Renaissance period followed the emphasis of the humanists on the human being as the center of existence, a shift from the Medieval emphasis on God as central, with humans far less important in the scheme of things. The way the ideas of the Renaissance were applied can be seen in certain buildings, in works by Michelangelo, and in paintings from the time. The Fifteenth Century was a period of import in art, philosophy, political thought, and literature as the Renaissance developed power and altered the way man was viewed against the backdrop of the universe. The century was a time of contrasts between the richest and the poorest.

In assessing distribution strategies for the company's human resources applications its critical to keep in mind that as a small and relatively unknown software developer, gaining the attention of software distributors is going to be a daunting and potentially very expensive strategy. Keeping in mind that software distributors have literally hundreds if not thousands of sof

Despite its obvious financial advantages, Foreign Direct Investment has also been described as an "expensive" and "risky" international growth strategy. Other things being equal, why is FDI expensive and risky? Compare the risks involved with FDI to the risks involved with exporting and licensing. There is first no shared risk with any investment partner when FDI is used as a strategy for gaining entrance to a new market. FDI is further made highly risky when the local and national investment government-based guidelines and restric

1. What are the sources of significant price differentials in teh EU automobile market? One of the core challenges of free trade, globalization and the establishment of intra-continental unions is the inherent difficulty in facing up the inherent incongruity of the aligning markets. The European Union has served as a prime example of this, matching a widely varied set of nations in a single economic pact. The result is that in many contexts, visible distinctions remain even economic policy is set with the collective in consideration. In a discussion on the legislation impacting the European auto industry in recent years, it is important to recognize that there are certain core causes for the continued disparity in auto pricing owing almost entirely to the distinctions amongst member states in terms of domestic production economies. (Kirman & Schueller, 69) In contexts where high costs of production, operation and retail have persisted, so too has the price differential impacti

Summarization of the Case Bureaucrats of the Ukraine Tax Authority (UAT) Special Audits Department visit the Kiev-based offices of Customer Strategy Solutions and stated that the company has failed to file five specific forms with the government. The fine for this is equivalent to $16,000 and is payable to the Special Audits Department of the UAT. Kostya Hnatyuk, who runs the Customer Strategy Solutions software development center in Kiev gets the news and immediately calls Pavlo Zhuk, the founder and entrepreneur of the company. The case study then progresses to Mr. Zhuk flying from Palo Alto to Kiev to meet with Kostya Hnatyuk to get the issue resolved. Previous situations including the payment of $5,000 to Dnipro Telecom to expedite the installation of telephone service illustrate how pervasive graft is in Ukraine. The case study presents Mr. Zhuk as seeing himself as a force for positive change in Kiev, and looks to bring additional employment there. His practice of paying hi

Jonathon Swift is notorious for his satire and nothing illustrates his ability to prove appoint than his novel, Gulliver's Travels. In this novel, Gulliver experiences many things on his journeys and is driven to madness in the final segment of his adventure. Gulliver's madness stems from the fact that he cannot accept himself for who he is – Gulliver wants to be like the Houyhnhnms, a species that he considers to be perfect. Their rejection of him causes Gulliver to break down because he cannot and will not ever see himself as a Yahoo. The first step into madness begins with an inability to control events. Over the course of his stay with the Houyhnhnms, Gulliver is filled with pride and when he is exiled from Houyhnhnm-land, he is distraught. He descends further into madness because he cannot (and does not want to) think clearly. Finally, Gulliver's madness is a result of pride. Gulliver refuses to accept the truth about his race because it means accepti

Whether or not a person comes in touch with the hero inside of him of her depends perhaps on the circumstances at the time of emergence of that trait. For it is demonstrated by history and myth alike that there lingers in the heart of every man and woman both a hero and a coward Which one prevails often appears to depend upon the circumstance of motivation. For instance, there have been innumerable accounts of a mom or dad acquiring a seemingly inhuman strength in the rescue of their child or loved one from harms way. Heroic acts are commonly associated with police officers, firemen, and others whose line of public service has the expectation of sacrifice on behalf of God, country, and humanity. Soldiers, for instance, are all hailed as heroes when, without question or complaint, they act on behalf of their country and in preserving that which they hold dear, and stand to face the declared enemy whom might otherwise destroy that which they hold

1. Introduction The Moon has always been an object of fascination and mystery for scientists and geologists. There have been many theories put forward to attempt to account for the existence of the lunar body. Many of these theories have however been altered or discarded over time as new evidence of the Mooni¿½s composition and structure becomes evident. The competing theories that have been proposed about the formation of the Earthi¿½s Moon have to take into account various geological and physical facts that are known about the lunar body. The system that comprises the Earth and Moon has some unusual aspects. Firstly, the Moon has an extremely low density (3.3 g/cc) when compared to the other planets. This is an indicator that it lacks high-density iron. (Giant Impact Theory For Moon Formation Boosted). The core of the Moon may be made of iron but this core constitutes only a few percent of its total mass compared to Earth's core, which is about 30 percent

The ideas and concepts of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung have had a far-reaching impact on the modern world and the way that we perceive and understand life. However, the theories that they created are not only confined to the psychological and academic domains but have in many ways influenced the lives of ordinary people. My personal life has also been affected in many respects by the implications of their concepts and the way that these two theorists have shaped our modern societies. Freud's central theory revolves around the discovery of the power and significance of the human unconscious, and the way that the unconscious acts and influences our thoughts and actions. Basically, Freud posited the idea that many of our everyday thoughts, feelings and actions are the result of deep levels of consciousness and metal activity that we are not normally aware of. Freud "discovered' these theoretical concepts through the treatment of female patients who were suffering from

Homer's Odyssey clearly illustrates the codes of behavior to which society was expected to adhere. Throughout the text, the fates of characters are driven by their ability to adhere to the codes. Those who do not adhere, such as Aegisthus whose story is related in Book I (lines 30-43) and again in Books III and IV, or the suitors when they ultimately meet their fate, are punished severely and these consequences are illustrated clearly. One of the most prominent codes illustrated in the first six books is with regards to giving kindness to strangers. This is evidenced in Book I (100-150) in Telemachus' greeting of Mentes, who is Athena in disguise. The code of behavior dictates that strangers should be received with kindness and an open home. They should be offered food, drink and rest first, before the discussion of business. As Menelaus addresses Telemachus and Peisistratus (Book IV, 60) "Help yourselves, enjoy your food. And once you've had your meal, we'll ask who you are." Further, as Mentes is leaving, Telemachus

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the poem "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost. Specifically it will discuss the theme of choice in the poem, and how sometimes the choices a person makes can make all the difference in their lives. The narrator in this poem maintains that he has taken the less traveled road, and it has "made all the difference" in his life. Sometimes, taking the long road home can be enlightening and satisfying at the same time. This poem indicates how difficult it can be to make choices, especially choices that will "make all the difference," and how sometimes, making those choices can create new awareness and understanding in life. That is what has happened to this narrator, who chooses the less traveled path through the woods, and finds that less traveled road is the one that creates peace and harmony in his life. The poem could be a lesson for everyone who is always in a hurry and does not take time to enjoy their surroundings an

The parable or morality tale is a literary genre that has transcended both culture and time. From Jesus' biblical parables to fables and fairy tales told to children to Russian author Leo Tolstoy's, "How Much Land Does a Man Need," the genre provides a stereotypical characters, symbolic items and events, and a plot centered around the communication of a moral. Like these examples, Nathanial Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" has many of the characteristics of a parable. Even the name "Young Goodman Brown" suggests that the story's main character is intended to symbolize the plight and struggles of every young man. Similarly, Faith is obviously a symbol of the young woman's similar plight in addition to a commentary on the characteristic espoused by her name, and the Devil, along with those Young Goodman brown meets on the way to his deep woods assembly are symbolic representations of those who are stereotypically most pious. Th

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the book "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck. Specifically it will contain a book review on the book. Steinbeck's classic novel of poverty, the Great Depression, the Dustbowl, and inequity is especially poignant today, when so many Americans are facing their own form of the Great Depression with a depressed economy, mortgage foreclosures, and high energy prices. The book follows the hapless Joad family as they lose their farm in the Midwest and make their way to California in hopes of making a new life for themselves during the 1930s. The Joad family is dirt poor, and much of the book chronicles their struggle to get across the country in a broken-down car they can barely afford to fix. They lost family members along the way, learn that California is not the "promised land" they were led to believe, and learn they will still have to live in poverty and despair once they reach the fields of California, because the wages are barely wages at all, and there are too few j

1. There are many factors that influence economic growth, of which government type is only one. More economically important even than whether a country is governed by democracy or a dictatorship, is the fact of its economic stability. The United States has thrived under its democracy, mainly because it is a stable type of democracy. In countries where this system of government has recently been introduced, stability is more unlikely than not, often affecting economic growth aversely.

John Updike and Kurt Vonnegut both weave social commentary into their short stories. In "A&P," Updike focuses on the dehumanizing elements of menial jobs such as the bag-boy job occupied by the story's protagonist Sammy. Sammy is coming of age; he has finished high school and is taking his first steps in the real working world. His budding sexuality and personal identity clashes with the demands and expectations of a rigid small-town culture. The norms and values Sammy encounters while working at the A&P market, culminating in the mistreatment of the teenage girls, provide a means for Sammy to question his ethical principles and act accordingly. By quitting, Sammy becomes a postmodern hero: he is filled with realism and cynicism. Harrison Bergeron in Vonnegut's short story by the same name is a different type of tragic hero. Also a teenager filled with the desire to change outmoded social norms, Harrison becomes

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze two short stories, "Miss Brill" by Katherine Mansfield and "A Clean Well-Lighted Place" by Ernest Hemingway. Specifically it will compare and contrast the two short stories. Both of these stories feature lonely, pathetic characters that have no friends or family to help make their lives a little less forlorn. They are both very sad people who spend their lives alone, but more than that, they both face ridicule from others, which indicates how society views the aged and the lonely. Both of these characters try to escape their loneliness by going to public places. Miss Brill goes to a public band concert, but never interacts with anyone else, even though she goes every Sunday. The old man goes to a "clean, well-lighted" café to drink brandy so he will not be alone, as well. People around them, because of their age and their actions, ridicule both of them and both of them are hurt by this ridicule. The old man has tried to kill himself because his life is so empty, and Miss Brill goes home to her

"When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease--of the joy that kills." Louise Mallard dies at the end of Kate Chopin's "Story of an Hour" precisely for the reasons the doctors suggest. Heart disease serves as a metaphor for an affliction of the soul. Their diagnosis is most likely not a medical one, because could not possibly have been made with any scientific or medical accuracy. The doctors issued their statement when they arrived and not after an autopsy, and they could not have known the exact reasons for Mrs. Mallard's sudden demise. However, many signs point to the diagnosis as being an accurate one. Mrs. Mallard had a history of heart troubles and the narrator describes her physical condition in much detail throughout the story. The very first line of the story begins, "Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death." The passive voice lends a journalistic, objective tone to the story: "great care was taken" by all in the room and all who knew that Louise Mallar