New Zealand's government's decision to replace "Her Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council", commonly known as the Privy Council with a Supreme Court of New Zealand (NZ) in 2003 was a controversial but an expected constitutional change. The bill passed its third reading in Parliament with a majority of 10, with strong opposition against, and was not all motivated by interparty politics. This change ended more than 160 years of appeals to the Privy Council. The decision was controversial because the Government pushed through the Supreme Court Act with a large amount of opposition, especially from the legal and business professions. There were serious concerns this was being forced upon a reluctant public and a referendum was required for such a major constitutional change. Other arguments included: would a Supreme court increase New Zealander's access to justice, is there any evidence a change was necessary, who and how would Judges be selected and how they would remain politically neu

Throughout lifetime, many people all over the world have been influenced and reshaped by the forces of society in which they happen to exist. Strong forces such as war and terror cause the most changes in one's life. In Tim O'Brien's "The Things They Carried", the war in Vietnam plays a vital role in influencing the way Mary Anne and the members of the Alpha Company transform and adjust to the surrounding environment. Throughout the novel, the author shows the profound affect of the war on the soldiers as well as Mary Anne, who inhabits the forbidding world and embraces the wild, uncivilized jungle. In the first scenes of the novel, O'Brien presents the reader with a detailed description of the physical burdens that the soldiers carry with them in Vietnam. It is clearly evident that along with the physical burdens, most of the members have an emotional strain as well: "Jimmy Cross humped love for Martha up the hills and through the swamps" (O&

In recent decades, migration has become a major global phenomenon and Europe has received a significance share of it. In order to move along with the changing demands of society, various countries within Europe had to make modifications to their legislations. However, it was not until a decade ago that various countries have started to adopt policies that focus on migrant communities. The legislations that focus on the migrant's incorporation into the community is placed within civic integration policies. The EU differentiates between two types of immigrants: those who are from within the EU and practice their right to free movement and those who are from outside the EU who are called third country nationals. The admission and settlement conditions between these two categories are significantly different and these differences contribute to the framework of civic integration policies within EU member countries. The term integration however has various meanings depending on the contex

Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1804; he was an American fiction writer and a romanticist. Hawthorne is well-known for his novel The Scarlet Letter and short story "Young Goodman Brown". Hawthorne's father was a sea captain father who died when Hawthorne was four years old. Hawthorne's great-great-grandfather served as a judge in the Salem witch trials of 1692 (Young Goodman Brown). During the trials, women and men were accused of being witches and sentenced to be hung (Kirszner and Mandell 445). The actions of Hawthorne's ancestors during the Salem witch trials left Hawthorne feeling guilty. He spent most of his time wondering about the evil actions of humans and the idea of original sin. Hawthorne wrote stories based on these themes, including "Young Goodman Brown" (Young Goodman Brown). Hawthorne was known to use many literary methods including allegory and symbolism in his writings. "Young Goodman Brown" is a sho

Deliverance, by James Dickey, illustrates nature's incredible ability to transform a soft, suburban family man into a pain-resistant, animalistic creature. In order for this transformation to occur, however, Ed Gentry, the protagonist and narrator of the novel, is forced to forfeit his innocence to the merciless wild, seen in his vicious murder of the mountain man. Yet, Ed is only able to survive the formidable rapids because of this loss of innocence, for it ultimately allows him to develop an inhuman inner-strength that few can ever acquire. At first, however, Ed could hardly find it within him to overcome the pain and physical exertion associated with merely paddling down the river. As Ed sheds his innocence, however, he learns to ignore the physical trauma that constantly confronts the daring men. Shockingly, Ed's resistance to such trauma develops even further, for he proves to thrive in such physical anguish, which allows him, Bobby and Lewis to survive what appea

I see him standing their waiting for some food at the grill. He has a saunter about him that screams confidence. He gets his food and then finds a seat with some other ball players in the back of the grill. I have seen him around before on the basketball court and walking to and from class. He seems to have it all together. He is clearly a ball player, and a student, and looks to have a tight group of friends. He talks loud and walks with a chip on his shoulder. I am more than curious to get a chance to talk to him and see what all is behind his walk and how he goes about his business. I wait patiently for a good opportunity. After he's done eating I walk up to him and say what's up. We small talk for a minute and have a seat on the deck. I ask him about an event that helped shaped his life and make him who he is. He is a little confused by the question at first, but then gets into it, "I started out going out to a little private school..." He goes on to tell me about himself growing up and some of his hardships. More so he tells of his friends and his walk through middle school

Throughout life we are impacted by friends, teachers, parents, music, literature, life events and so much more. As human beings we naturally grow more and more curious the older we get. Each one of us sets out on this exclusive quest mapping out inspiration when we demand it the most; acquiring it when we need it the least. As we grow - from cradle to happy hunting grounds - we gather our own special collection of inspiration derived from raw, coarse curiosity. Inspiration shapes who we are, who we want to be around, and most likely who we want to be. Inspiration is a multifaceted, life-changing light, that very few have been able to extinguish. In my case, Arts in the form of music turned out to be the inspiration, the foundation, and the driving force behind practically every aspect of my life. The fact is we all pull inspiration from music. Not you, eh? I beg to differ. Even, if just for that short time, we're enveloped in the lyrics of our favorite song. We allow music, an art fo

Some time ago, there was a TV program in Korea that surveys students who go to Harvard University. The topic was 'which ability do you want to improve most?' The result was very interesting. I would think the answer is IT knowledge or leadership. Unexpectedly, the answer was 'writing ability'. At that time, I thought that it is very strange because the students who are called geniuses chose writing ability as the first thing that they want to improve most, not advanced technology. However, looking back on it now, that was quite a stupid idea. The Harvard University students knew that it would not be easy to express their thinking in writing, and writing was essential in every study. What I felt most during this semester was writing was base in every study, and almost every study needed to write. Actually, we are written a lot of writing for whatever reason. Truly, I have written so many essays, journals and articles. Even if I have so many experiences to write e

Sex education courses in public schools are a tense topic among parents, and educators. Some groups believe that the sex education curriculum that focus on abstinence, and safe sex disrupts the school unit of educating its students, and argues that sex education should be sanctioned only between child, and parent. In the essay Condoms: The New Diploma, a admirably known conservative talk radio host by the name Rush Limbaugh conveys his frustration of public schools involvement in sex education courses, and the distribution of condoms. A master in creating controversy he sarcastically try to persuade his readers to believe that condoms distribution encourage promiscuous, and sexual active teens. However, in his attempt of persuasion, he fails to deliver a solid argument because of his unorthodox perspe

The voyages of historical European explorers in the early modern era between 1500 and 1800 resulted in short and long term consequences in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. The diffusion of plants, food crops, human populations, disease pathogens, and animals changed the world's biological fabrication for the first time since the continental drift. In 1492 Christopher Columbus stepped foot in the Americas with the desire to obtain basic resources, food, and land. The Europeans introduced the Americas to crops of wheat, barley, rice, and turnips, although these crops had little effect on the new world. When the Europeans introduced the Americas crops of white potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, and manioc to the old world; they experienced improved nutritional value diets, increase caloric intake, and population growth. The white potato and maize had the most dramatic effect on the old world; Southern Africa adopted maize as a staple and began to harvest it; helping to

Chaucer, the character, is fictionalizing himself here. The host teases him, painting him as effeminate and delicate, saying he couldn't find a hare. In the tales, the hero is indeed delicate and even effeminate and childish, but he is valourized for this. Chaucer preempts any attacks on his romantich success or impropriety by saying that Thopas is too virtuous and chaste for everyday ladies. Hares come up again in the story; you can see Chaucer-the-character making it up as he goes along. However, Thopas prompts us to split Chaucer into three, rather than two, characters: Chaucer-the-author, Chaucer-the-character, and Chaucer-the-speaker (of the story). Since we hear Chaucer- the-speaker's words, not Chaucer-the-character's, we don't know whether Chaucer-the-character is playing the others, or whether Chaucer, as author, is disowning/self-depreciating in creating a character version Chaucer who is actually synonymous and interchangeable with Chaucer-the-speaker.

When times are tough, money is short, and the food is scarce, people begin to blame what they believe to be the problem. Before the revolution in Russia, the Czars were blamed, and a change was needed in the government. Because of the Czars and a lack of sound governance, the majority of the Russian citizens were forced to live in poverty. The people had few choices and decided to overthrow Nicholas II and implement a better system of government – Communism. This solution seemed ideal because it would create a level playing field between the lower and middle class. Unfortunately, corrupt leaders came into power turning Russian socialism into an oppressive authoritarian regime. Mass killings targeted those against the communist party, in fear of losing power. In 1984, a classic novel written by George Orwell, the control of The Party and Big Brother can be related to Soviet Russia and the communist party because the communists assumed many of the same methods of control including th

The voice of writers and authors are the key components to their inner thoughts. It is a way of actually portraying what a person is trying to say. However the case is that their words silenced and put in period of exile away from the eyes of the public. Author Charles Lawrence goes on to state that racist speech is wrong simply because of the drastic agony it puts on a victim's perspective. In the article "On Racist Speech," the author, Charles R Lawrence III, effectively establishes credibility, logic and emotional themes to supports his argument which infers that the use of harmful language should not be protected by the First Amendment Law in order to stop racism. Lawrence sheds light upon the very turbulent issue of the First Amendment right to the Freedom of speech in contrast to the inequality caused by its misuse through racially bias speech. The author states that the University officials should endorse some sort policy that will protect the rights of t

"Once you have tasted flight, you will forever walk the earth with your eyes turned skyward, for there you have been, and there you will always long to return" Leonardo da Vinci. For me, the fear of the unknown can be very exciting. My first encounter flying through the skies was a miraculous one. The fierce lift off of the plane, the courteous service of the attendants, and the final landing in London England are memories that I long to repeat. The view of the beauty of the world from above is one memory that only the experience of flying can provide. It was in July of 1998 that I had flown on my first airplane. I turned over my boarding pass and stared at the large plane from outside the window. I walked down a long corridor that was connected to the aircraft. To my surprise, the inside was a lot smaller than it had appeared to be. The isle I strode to get to my window seat was small and compact, only large enough for one person to pass through. After I too

Throughout the novel The Chocolate War, written by Robert Cormier, there are many themes and situations whether they are major or very subtle. One theme that is really important to the novel is what Jerry considers Disturbing the Universe. Within the book Jerry "disturbs the universe" in such a way that it causes havoc within Trinity School. The novel The Chocolate War offers a realistic approach on modern society when it comes to going outside of what you are taught and the social norms. Every year at Trinity School they have a chocolate sale for an annual school fund-raiser and every year it is almost like every student is forced to sell chocolates or they will be shunned. The annual school fund raiser was coming up and Jerry Renault was trying to impress the Vigils so this year he said, "No" when asked if he wanted to

The sun was bright this chilly winter morning. Some friends and I decided to take our snowmobiles on Tuscobia Trail starting in Rice Lake, Wisconsin- as we have done many times before. We all started the morning with a few beers and good laughs. We were very competitive to see who was the fastest to complete the 53 mile ride. I felt I had no problem beating everyone with my 700cc Arctic Cat. I was so proud of that machine. No one was going to beat me. Right away I took the lead, breaking the fresh snow and leaving a cloud of powder behind me. I even slowed down a couple of times to let the others catch up a little. About a half hour into the ride, I decided to have a little extra fun taking a jump over County Rd SS. I approached the ditch and never had enough speed to make the jump as anticipated. I turned around to get a better run at it. Instantly, I saw a concrete culvert that was about 25 feet wide in my path going downhill. I knew I had to hit the throttle to clear this so not to ruin my snowmobile. I did so and was airborne several feet up. In the air, I held tight and unexpectedly lost control. I was still hanging on when I landed. My main problem was that my

Cicero describes natural law as 'right reason in agreement with nature...of universal application, unchanging and everlasting'. A fundamental part of natural law is the existence of absolute and unchanging values of right and wrong. In the world of business, priorities are constantly changing: there is no set purpose for businesses that underpins their existence. As a result of this, it can be claimed that natural moral law cannot be applied to issues of business ethics. Natural moral law is very much concerned with good, evil and the role of human reason in istinguishing between the two. Business ethics does not often involve clear cut decisions between right and wrong; more often than not businesses are concerned with balancing the interests of shareholders, with those of employees and customers. Therefore, it can be maintained that the absolute principals of natural moral law are not useful when applied to the complex issues raised by business ethics. Both the Aristotelian and Thomist forms of natural moral law are concerned with human purpose as a whole. Aristotle believed that the goal of every human was to achieve 'eudaimonia' or all-round flour

Giorgione's painting "The Tempest" is one of the most controversial paintings of the Renaissance in terms of its information deficiency. Not only is the painter Giorgione, the most mysterious artist in Venetian Renaissance, but the painting itself stands as a milestone in art history. Despite a vast number of readings, no single analysis has stood the test of time, least of all that of Marcantonio Michiel, the earliest interpretation in 1530. Following that, a vast controversy has evolved in the next 500 years and countless variant reinterpretations developed well, which refer to six main topics on the artwork: the patron and genre, the figures, the specific time of painting, the background on painting and the techniques Giorgione used. In this essay, I am identifying assumptions towards those topics and the legacy of Tempest. Patron: It has been assumed that the Venetian nobleman Gabriele Vendramin commissioned the Tempest. This assumption is large as a result of the patrician

Answering what the boxers did, you have to first realize the events that pushed them to attain the mindset and anger of having their own country slowly taken away from them, having no other choice then to fight back. Boxers were an example of civil rights protesters and just ordinary people fighting for their rights and beliefs. The Boxer Rebellions main cause was to liberate China from the influx of foreigners and their perceived negative and unwelcome influence on the Country. Adding to the hatred being stirred up towards Europeans was the difficulties of not only economically being in a downturn, as many Boxers were farmers facing a drought while having to watch Europeans succeed and never share or help in the protection of the country, all the while forcing there Christian beliefs, having no respect for China's storied history of Buddhism and other often spiritual beliefs. Although the Boxer Rebellion didn't favor the Boxers side, ultimately ending in International Sup

As one of the oldest forms of religious beliefs, animism* has brought forth an attempted explanation to the greatest mysteries of humanity; what is religion? Derived from the Latin origin of 'anima' meaning spirit, breath, life, or soul, animism is the belief that things in nature (e.g. plants, trees, animals, rivers, and intimate objects) have souls. Reintroduced by Sir Edward B. Tylor, animism became the foundation, according to Tylor's research, as he set to explain religion: how and why humans came to believe in the existence of spiritual beings. Many critics falsified his theories in stating that their faith held truth and their God came to them through revelation in scriptures and books such as the Quran or the Bible. Tylor goes much further than the beginning of Christianity and refers to times before the written language. Animism is said to have roots in the Paleolithic Age [merely in theory] though the belief did not become mainstream until the 19th century

The crust is the outermost layer of Earth, it covers the entire planet. The crust floats on top of the molten mantle. There are two types of crust, the continental crust and the oceanic crust. The oceanic crust is part of the Earth's crust that covers the ocean basins. Its made up of dark-colored rocks made up of basalt. Basalt is a rock that is made up of silicon, oxygen, and magnesium. The density of the oceanic crust is about 3.0 g/cm3. The continental crust has a lower density. The difference in densities allows many normal phenomenon's to occur on and below the surface of the Earth. The oceanic crust floats on top of the mantle. The continental crust covers 40% of the Earths surface. It is made up of granite rock. This rock is filled with aluminum, silicon and oxygen. The continental crust is less dense than the oceanic crust. It has a value of 2.6 g/cm3. The continents stay in place due to the difference in densities in magma between the oceanic crust and the continental crust.

In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is the young narrator. Since she is only eight years old she will be learning a lot of things very quickly in the novel. One of the themes that her father is trying to teach her is empathy. She doesn't quite understand what the difference between the right thing and accepted thing is yet and Atticus wants to make sure that she learns it. Since Scout is in her early years of childhood still, empathy is a likely thing that she would be learning about. She is also unreliable somewhat as a narrator because she doesn't understand the world as much as most of the other characters in the novel. Scout being the narrator affects the theme of empathy by making it easier to believe she is learning about it, being able to explain the things that are needed to learn about empathy and understanding just enough to be able to learn about it.?Since Scout is so young it is easy to believe that she would be learning the theme of empathy. Most parents want to t

Ethical challenges in the construction industry are bid shopping, no-payment issues, lying, "lawyering up," inflated claims, false claims, threats, and even employee embezzlement. As an employee of a specialty trade subcontractor, I'm going to be looking at bid shopping, no payment, over billing illegal aliens, and wage theft. With oftentimes razor thin margins and stiff competition, construction companies try to maximize profits by any means necessary. Bid shopping has been the longtime leader of unethical practices. It's the process by which solicited bids are divulged as leverage with contractors to lower their prices. This is seen more often in specialty and trade contractors. Bid shopping may lead to a breakdown in trust and collaboration and is likely to cause a more contentious atmosphere b

It was on a sunny Friday before my last week of duty with my unit in Germany, when they gave me my present. It is a tradition in the German Air Force to give something from the whole unit to the person who is leaving. On this day, it was my turn; I knew it the moment we had stepped outside the building and lined-up as we normally did every Monday morning. We were staying there, all lined up, and waiting for our Major to come outside. Everyone was hoping that this would be over soon because we were ready to leave for the weekend. Finally, our unit leader walked down the line and stopped in the middle. "Attention!" he yelled, and everyone stopped talking; everyone's eyes looked straightforward without any movement, and all I could hear were the songs of some birds. It was time. He called my name. When I stepped in front of my unit, I had no idea what they were planning, but I was very excited about this moment. I felt like a little kid on Christmas morning. Afte

Religious fundamentalism has its origins in early 20th century America. The term was coined to describe people in the protestant community who had a set of well-defined values. These people were against modernistic beliefs and ideas and believed it was important to stick to the bible so they would never have to change their beliefs. In the modern era the term is used a lot more generally and people who study religious fundamentalism see it as an escape for people from modern society. There are many differences in society now than there were in the early 20th century. There are constant changes and this can make people wary and feel unsafe. This in turn forces people to search for a permanent, unchanging lifestyle with rules that remain the same. People look to religion for this kind of lifestyle. Religion becomes absolute and uncompromising and is then referred to as fundamentalism. It is possible to be a fundamentalist in any religion. Some of the more well-known groups throughout