?3.1. Structures and function of vessels The function of arteries and veins is to carry blood over relatively long distances from one organ to another, whereas capillaries form branching networks to carry blood over relatively short distances within organs. Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood from the tissues and return it to the heart. All three have a similar structure, however it differs in terms of the layers of tissue in the walls of each along with the size of the lumen each vessel is structurally modified such that is best carries out its transport function. Clegg C.J. (2000) Basic Structure - Capillaries consist of an endothelium which is only one cell thick - Walls of arteries and veins consist of 3 layers - The inner layer consists of a thin layer of endothelial cells - The middle layer is made up of smooth muscle with some elastic fibres. This layer controls the diameter of the vessel and hence the amount of blood and its rate of flow -

?Combat stress and perceived threat can lead to Psychiatric Disorders (Van Wingen GA, 2011). The severity of stress and its effects on brain functioning in humans is unknown. In some cases it can have a positive affect but the reality of this is, most cases result in major implications. To really be able to diagnose a person for sure is to ask ourselves, how does the brain form memories of life's significant events? Question that motivates researchers, more specifically, the focus on how traumatic memories and threat are formed, stored retrieves and evaluated ( De Oca B, personal communication October, 20th 2012). To get a better understanding on what we have come to know about the brain function and its emotional state, I will explain with a few studies conducted, in order to better understand how these results are put together. The Purpose of the first study was to investigate how long periods of severe stress affected the amygdala's functioning in humans, (Van Wingen GA, 2011

Capital punishment, commonly known as the death penalty, is an issue that has caused much controversy throughout the history of the United States of America. Currently, thirty-four states employ the death penalty, and the five states with the highest number of executions account for over sixty-five percent of the 1274 total executions in the country since 1976, when the Supreme Court re-affirmed the constitutionality of capital punishment. Throughout the years, millions of dollars have been wasted executing people and several people have been proven innocent after their execution. The death penalty is unjust and should be completely abolished in every state. Even though the number of death sentences per year has dropped since 1999, the fact that the death penalty is still legal in many states leaves more money to be wasted, more innocent people to be sentenced and more unjust acts to be committed upon society. It is commonly believed that the death penalty is less expensive than k

Alan Paton -- teacher, author, and politician -- was one of South Africa's most remarkable citizens. Repelled by the racism he saw all around him in his homeland, he wrote Cry, the Beloved Country (1948), a novel that had a profound effect in the worldwide struggle against apartheid. In the novel, Paton portrays his life through many characters and scenes to give the best explanation possible for his fight for justice and equality. Cry remains one of South Africa's greatest novels and a true testament of culture clash between Western colonialism and traditional African culture. Located at the Southern tip of the African continent, South Africa forms a distinct region, or subcontinent, divided from the rest of Africa by the rivers that mark its northern border, which is sparsely populated ("Demographics"). Bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Indian Ocean to the East, South Africa contains several valuable minerals, such as gold, diamonds, iron, coal, and other natural r

"Were not going to take it anymore" Who had the students section singing this the new band director Mr. Kleopfer. The students in band had no idea what lay before them. It all began on the bus ride home from New York the last time that Mr. McGuire was our director. The next time the band met was with Mr. Kleopfer. But before the entire band met their new director, there was band camp. Band camp was basic drill for all five days, and then we played at night for two. Band was 8-5 Monday Wednesday and Friday, 5-9:30 Tuesday and Thursday. The two night practices consisted of drill for four hours then playing under the streetlights for the remainder of time. We could go more in depth but what happens in band camp stays in band cam

It has been 10 years since I became an addicted gamer when I was 11 years old. I always dreamed of designing a game of my own. I have came up with many nice ideas about video games from what I have played and I believed one day my dream will come true. However, the reality was disappointing. My parents were worried about the fact that I spent hours sitting in front of the screen and playing video games. As a result, I had to give up what I wanted to do and chose mathematics as my major. But after watching the video in class I started rethinking about it. Just assuming, what if I chose to be a video game designer? What is needed for it? How can you be a part of it? Also, what is the future of this job? After doing researches, I found that in fact, the video game industry is a multi-billion dollar industry. One person could sit down and make a game from start to finish by himself. Now a game can take millions of dollars and dozens of people to make. However, before deciding on a career

The city of Paris is currently the most visited city in the world, attracting people from all corners of the Earth to marvel in both the physical and intangible beauty of the City of Light. Paris' current infamy as a romantic, idealized city is due mostly to the ambition of Georges-Eugène Haussmann, a French civic planner of the 1860's who brought the vision of then emperor Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte to reality. Together, these two men underwent the massive renovation of the city of Paris to highlight the imperial extravagance of the physical city and to make necessary infrastructural changes to the urban space. Ultimately, Haussmann's renovation of Paris highlighted monuments, changed and cleaned up the streets and revolutionized the dynamic of the city to increase the quality of life for Parisians for centuries to come. While many of the changes made to Paris were Napoléon's ideas, it was Georges- Eugène Haussmann who is responsible for actually making t

Since 2009, killing a criminal is ever increasingly being considered a barbaric, even immoral practice, with revenge instead of retribution being the lone motivating factor. The idea that vengeance alone is the only reason the worst criminals are executed is preposterous, as the sustaining belief of "eye for an eye" has had many suitable supporting arguments throughout history along with valid, tangible results. However in a sophisticated western society such as our own, should we search for alternative ways to deal with the worst kinds of criminals or is the death penalty the only "just" way? One argument against the death penalty is pointed out in Ehrlich's study on the deterrent effect of capital punishment. This study found murder to be a unique crime what that shows no real correlation or pattern and simply providing a negative incentive such as the potential for capital punishment will not in most cases deter the offender from committing the crime. It is evident that only a cer

?Managing employees can come easy to some managers, but one part of managing workers is a little more difficult than a manager figure, and that is managing the different generations. In August of 2011 I was able to attend training for supervisors and managers that showed them the difference in the generations in the workforce. This was the first part of a three part training that we will be required to attend. For the first time in the history of the U.S. there are four different generations in the workforce. (Zemke, Raines & Filipazak, 2000) The first thing that I am going to discuss is four basic managing styles. Autocratic management style was the first management style that we covered. The autocratic management style is considered the classical approach to management. With this style managers try to have and keep the authority and decision making themselves without depending on other workers. During the past 30 years this style of management has been criticized do to the hig

Throughout time there have been generational discrepancies based on attitudes, priorities and views of people. For instance, when the young public starts to question the established tradition, then they revolutionize society with new theory and ideals: the resultant is differences in beliefs and changes of outlooks. In response, a generational gap is formed and carried through history between the old reserved ways and the new modern standards. In Ivan Turgenev's novel, "Fathers and Sons", the central conflict is depicted through the theme of generational differences, which are well-defined through the complex portrayal of each character and his/her relations to others. In "Fathers and Sons", the generation discrepancies are strongly suggested through the traditionalists, Nikolai and Pavel Petrovitch Kirsanov in contrast to the modernists, Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Vasilevich Bazarov. The main source of conflict that arises in the novel is due to the backbone of beliefs and princi

In the article "McDonald's Menu to Post Calorie Data," journalist Stephanie Storm explains during the summer of 2012, McDonald's started something new with their menu's to see if it would have an impact on America's eating habit. "We recognize customers want to know more about the nutrition content of the food and beverages they order," Jan Fields, president of McDonald's USA, said in a statement. Under the health care bill, it is said that restaurants with more than twenty locations will have to post calorie counts on their menus. Before the federal requirements took place, McDonald's decided to act and post a "Favorites Under 400" for customers, to see if there would be any big effect to America's eating habits. Starbucks began this post in calories in April 2008, and studied a 6% reduction in the number of calories purchased by consumers. Although posting calories did not seem to make a marked difference in customer behavior, consumers liked having the information. Sara Deon,

?What are genetics? It is the study and the variation of inherited characteristics that make up new life. Every child inherits genes from both of their biological parents. Some of these traits may be physical; hair, eye color or skin colors, etc. On the downfall some genes might carry certain diseases or disorders. Each gene is a piece of genetic information and all DNA in the cell make up the human genome. The wonderful thing about genetics is the technology that has been made for it and how advanced it is to now do what ever it takes to fix the unborn. Genes generally express their functional effect through the production of proteins, which are complex molecules responsible for majority of functions in the cells in the body. Heredity is a biological process where a pa

I had it all planned out. I would have completed my first degree by the age of 27, my Master's by the age of 35 at the latest. I am from a family of intellectual people. However, with my parent's separation, my life did not go exactly as planned. There were good times, as as well as sad, but I see my life as a living example for others to learn from. By the end of this paper, you would have learned about my accomplishments, failures, and goals for my future. I was born and raised in Kingston, Jamaica. My hometown of Jamaica is one of many islands in the Caribbean Sea; which is located 90 miles south of Cuba. Jamaica has made a name for itself as being one of the major tourist getaways, worldwide. The culture of Jamaica is wide and varying but of our main focus is family. The Jamaican family is a close knit web of aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents. My family is the most important group to which I belong. (Witt, G. A., & Mossler, R. A. 2010).

Many people are familiar with the ancient picture of cave-dwellers being the hairy, gruff bully of a man, dressed in animal skins, club in hand as he drags a female back to his cave. This drastic picture is not what one would get while reading Clan of the Cave Bear. The tale is a little more picturesque, but equally brutal, nonetheless; when it comes to the role of male versus female. Beatings, rape and humiliation are just a few of the realities dealt out to the females of the clan, especially to a woman who is "misbehaving" in a man's eyes. Several themes came to mind while reading Auel's book: Nature versus Nurture and Gender Roles/Feminism seemed to be the most prevalent. When we say "nature versus nurture" the question usually arises, is the way we behave more controlled by genetics or the environment? In Clan of the Cave Bear the clan seems to survive by tradition and memory only, there is no new or other way to do things for them. The rules they follow, the beliefs they have about the spirits and gender rol

"Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that." Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare and is viewed as the world's greatest love story of all time. There has been an on-going family feud for so long the families have forgotten why they hate each other anymore. All the main characters in the play are driven by either love or hate. Particularly Tybalt, Juliet's cousin, who is driven by the passion of hate until his death. What is it about Tybalt that makes him choose every action he does to be dictated by hatred? Although Tybalt believes he is being loyal to his family he exhibits "negative reason" through-out the play and is inconsistent with the universal will. Early in the play Tybalt engages in negative reason because he would rather indulge in hate than in love. He plays a major role in starting the skirmish in the beginning of the play. In Act 1 Scene 1 Servants of the Capulet's make rude gestures at

The arguments for/against ObamaCare health care are extensive. This giant law has so many parts that the average American does not even know what is really in this bill. The main supporters argue the bill is constitutional. They believe it is constitutional on three different "powers" of congress under commerce/interstate activity, the necessary and proper clause and the taxing and general welfare clause. The health care industry is a two trillion dollar per year industry. People who support the bill for being constitutional believe that this bill is part of commerce. How could two trillion dollars not be commerce? It is an interstate activity that makes a lot of money. There is also another part of government that could also make this bill constitutional and that is under necessary and proper clause. Necessary and proper clause states that Congress can make laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the forgoing powers. So supporters believe this bill for

The rise of Islam ushered in an entirely new era for the people of the Arabian Peninsula as early as the 7th century CE. Islam extended itself across the Middle East and then began its conquest of North Africa, reaching into Spain and Eastern Europe.  The 1200s saw Islam's spread into India as well as Southeast Asia.  The success and expansion of Islam throughout these times was founded on the power of the empire's military, the effectiveness of a common language, and the egalitarian practices of leaders regarding conquered peoples. Islamic armies possessed the ability to efficiently and quickly advance the territories of their empires by employing advanced ideas and tactics as well as their superior use of a militant cavalries made up of both horses and camels.  The leaders of these armies and empires treated conquered peoples with remarkable tolerance, once these people agreed to their authority, of course. In combination with this territorial expansion, intellectual expansion e

The ability for you to live your life debt free will open countless doors of freedom and allow you to lead a life that is much more stress free. Leading a debt free life is a conscious choice that you must desire to live by. To live the debt free life you must devise a financial plan to live from; believing in your purpose and goal is key. Borrowing money for items that go down in value will not help you stay off the debt train. Paying every bill in full will also ensure that your personal finances do not be come subject to borrowing money to make ends meet. Living life by a few simple tenants will safeguard your financial stability and life long happiness. Creating a financial plan to live by is a large part of successfully leading a debt free lifestyle. Life is certainly full of surprises; and eliminating the need to service your debts will alleviate many headaches for you down the road. Establishing a fair budget is your first step to building a financial plan. Spending more mone

Reading can be considered a normal task that we perform everyday as part of our daily life. From reading a shopping list, a map for directions, cooking instructions, or just for entertainment. We not only learn to read but read to learn as well. But for many of us learning to read can be a challenge we face everyday. About ten million children suffer from a reading or learning disorder. Studies show that boys and girls are affected by a reading disability at the same rate, as well as children of all cultural backgrounds, and those with different intelligence levels. Unlike other disabilities, a learning disorder does not disfigure a person, which makes it harder to pinpoint the student with the problem. "A learning disorder affects a person's ability to link information from different parts of the brain and to interpret what they see and hear". There brain structures function differently which lead to difficulty in reading, speaking, writing, or math. (Nadelson, 1999, p13). The mo

As long as there have been two humans around to make a comparison, the impression of an individual's body has been a predominant factor in self-image. Although it has been in existence for hundreds of years, creatine monohydrate has, only over the past few decades, been utilized as a dietary supplement. Consumed worldwide, creatine has become one of the easiest to obtain and the most widely used supplements. Creatine is a legal supplement and is neither a steroid nor a drug. It is used by those that are beginning to age to stay healthy and by athletes that are attempting to gain an edge on the competition. Creatine has developed a wide user base. As is true with most things that we put into our bodies, creatine has both positive and negative consequences that result when we consume it. Although I have used this supplement myself, this research was done to identify it's strengthening effects and to understand any consequences of its use, both negatively and positively. The consumption

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder commonly referred to as ADD or ADHD is a neurologically based condition characterized by problems with attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity. ADHD affects approximately 5% of children worldwide and results in significant impairments in daily functioning. Children with ADHD exhibit developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity which result in a range of impairments in social, educational, and family functioning. Symptoms of ADHD are typically seen early in a child's life, often when he or she enters a school setting. There are three different categories of ADHD symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Some symptoms of inattention include; procrastination, disorganized work habits, forgetfulness in daily activities, failure to complete tasks such as homework or chores, difficulty finishing schoolwork or paperwork or performing tasks that require concentration, inability to sustain attention on tasks or activities, and frequent shifts from one uncompleted activity to another. Hyperactivity is another sign of ADHD. It describes kids who appear to be in perpetual motion. Sympto

For this assignment I choose to find out more information on the Buddhist faith. I know of someone from my high school that was a Buddhist. One fundamental belief of Buddhism is what we know as reincarnation. Reincarnation is the concept that people are reborn after they have died. In fact this belief is also thought to happen multiple times. The individuals go through many cycles of birth, living, death and rebirth. A practicing Buddhist can differentiate between rebirth and reincarnation. Reincarnation is thought to be where the individual may be reborn repeatedly. In rebirth, the person does not necessarily have to return to earth as the same entity ever again. After multiple cycles, if a person can release their attachment to desire and themselves, they can attain Nirvana. Nirvana is the state of freedom from suffering. There is no deity of buddhism, Buddhists believe that there is no god. However, they look up to Siddartha Gautama (Buddha) as an inspiration and what they want t

Antony's funeral speech had an immense impact on the minds and opinions of the plebeians in the crowd. Antony knew the power and influence certain diction, language and details could have on an audience. Antony manages to sway the crowd without speaking ill of the conspirators and breaking his agreement with Brutus with examples of ethos, pathos and logos. By neglecting to share a few select facts, carefully choosing his words and a wittily using language to persuade, Antony is able to completely manipulate the minds of an entire crowd and cause a mass riot which leads to a bloody civil war. Antony's choice of details is a huge contributing factor to the successful manipulation of the crowd. He appeals to the audience with logos when he mentions many of Caesar's non-ambitious actions, such as "when that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept" (1:19) and Antony's presenting "him a kingly crown, which he did thrice refuse" (1:24-25), which directly contradict with the words Brutus spoke only moments beforehand. Antony's detail choice could also be considered as appealing to the audience through ethos when he talks about how Caesar was his "friend, faithful an

The film Gattaca explores the possibility of genetic predetermination in humans. It may create social and cultural advantages and help humans achieve lifelong goals. However, there are more negative effects of genetic predetermination than positive. Genetically predetermined humans are separated from society and suffer from perfection. They conform to perfection and lose their individuality. The force of human will is a way in determining a person's fate rather than their genetic predisposition. There are ways to fulfill goals in life other than genetic predetermination. Genetically predetermined humans were seen in the film Gattaca. The film was centered on a man named Vincent. He was conceived without technology and was born with deficiencies. On the other hand, Anton, Vincent's brother, was genetically superior. Vincent faced genetic discrimination and prejudice. He also had a lifelong dream of becoming an astronaut. The only way Vincent thought he would be able to achieve his dre

The two chronic diseases that I want to discuss are Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Congestive Heart Failure are two chronic diseases highly misdiagnosed because of similar symptoms that occur with both diseases. According to the website www.rockford.md "COPD is a lung disease that makes it hard to breathe. It is caused by damage to the lungs over many years, usually from smoking." A physician can determine which stage of COPD you are in by doing a breathing test using a device called a spirometer. A spirometer measures the amount and length of time you can blow air into the meter. There are four stages to COPD. Stage one is the at risk stage, this is when the chronic cough and sputum production starts, this stage can be confused for a cold or sinus infection. The second stage is the mild stage, at this stage airflow is limited or reduced, coughing and sputum production can be more predominan