Justice is a term used in many different contexts and has a range of subtle meanings. A common definition of justice is "The quality of being just; integrity, impartiality; rightness; the awarding of what is due: the administration of law (Chamber's Dictionary). This shows that justice can be perceived in many different ways; from the implementation of laws to moral and ethical and social correctness. I understand the term justice in its broadest sense. I tend to view justice in a more Platonic way. Justice as a concept should not be separated from other related concepts such as morality, ethics and compassion. However, the idealistic view of justice must be married to the practical, and there are legal aspects of justice that need to be spelled out. These include aspects such as the protection of rights and property. However, the legal practicalities of law should never be dissociated from the wider moral conte

Company History The Wal-Mart was the first major retail establishment to sell merchandise by employing such strategies as impulse wholesale, the endorsement of national trademarks, as well as, customer self-service. The Wal-Mart composition has worked as a model for retailers in such area of expertise as Toys "R" Us in toys, Levitz in furniture, as well as, Herman's in sporting goods. Sooner or later, Wal-Mart was able to grow its individual private-label products in contest with national, regional, as well as, local manufacturer products. Private-label brands were once considered as, to some extent, substandard in quality to national brands, however, they have made unexpected inroads in market share in the 1980s, as well as, early 1990s. Wal-Mart has developed a cost-focus advancement and is supposed as a discounter by its target market. Wal-Mart was the first huge chain to present unit pricing

In The Lexus and the Olive Tree, author Thomas L. Friedman explains the facts, functions, and faults of globalization. According to Friedman, in spite of swarms of backlash against it, globalization is inevitable: resistance is futile. The current of free market trade is too powerful to stop, but the author offers hope for a balanced future in which considerations of culture, politics, environmentalism, and personal liberty are protected. To approach his topic, the author covers economics, politics, and sociology, demonstrating how these factors both shape globalization and are shaped by globalization. The book is divided into four sections. The first, "Seeing the System," provides a comprehensive overview of the subject: how globalization works, what exactly it entails. The second section is called "Plugging into the System," and here Friedman addresses how individuals, communities, and nations interact with and are impacted by globalization. In the third section of the

For nations to form, the people living in them had to become unified. This was difficult to accomplish as long as large groups of people lived virtually isolated from the cities of their country. Peasants in Western countries lived a life of bare subsistence at the beginning of the 19th century, often with a simple shelter, no furniture, and no change of clothes. Every stick of wood and stone placed around a fire was a precious commodity, and they could not survive except looking at issues in a very concrete and practical way. It did not matter what a government official in a city many miles away the peasant would never see thought the peasant should be doing. The peasant had to do what was most likely to keep him and his family alive. They were self-sufficient, and any suggestion that implied living in some other way must have seemed reckless and dangerous. For the entire country to pull together with a sense of nationalism required that they have a sense th

I finally went back to high school today, summer vacation having ended. It was just one week long this year, but it felt like an eternity to be away from the classroom that long. I don't know what to do with myself outside the school; I actually convinced my mom to set up a little table and chalkboard (the one I played with as a kid) in our dining room, and to sort of pretend to be my teacher. She didn't exactly try hard to act the part. Instead, she took this as a chance to tell me stories, these boring stories about her life and the past and stuff, which she always wants to tell me but which I always do my best to ignore. Well, here was her chance. Yes, I suppose, I am addicted to schoolâ€"so she had found a back door, so to speak, into my attention. I'm thinking right now of two things that she "taught" me last weekâ€"that is, two stories she told me. For one thing, she was telling me how summer vacations used to be thr

Seeing is believing, or so the old adage would have us believe. While a person cannot be sure of those things which he is told, or that which he reads, seeing - ah, that is the proof of reality. However, this id not the case for Percy or Berger. These two existential leaning critics challenge the reader to ask the question "what is reality" and to ponder whether or not what a person sees is a true identification of reality. In Percy's "The Loss of Creature" the author devotes his effort to questioning whether or not seeing is really believing. Through an elaborate comparison of many different settings, Percy arrives at an elusive and unfulfilling conclusion. He starts with the example of a visitors' experience of the Grand Canyon. Does the modern tourist have the same experience as Garcia Lopez de Cardenas who discovered the majestic land form' Percy builds an elaborate argument that the modern tourist, because his perspective may have been performs by tra

While Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own is a landmark piece of literature because it focuses on the rigid structure that women endured for hundreds of years, her assumption is too broad to serve as basic model for all women. Woolf exposes the complicated issues that women encountered and she does well to encourage women to instill such virtues as integrity and objectivity in their literary endeavors. In this way, she is not drawing gender lines when observing the characteristics of a good novelist or poet. In fact, it is Woolf's hope that women everywhere could successfully overcome any obstacles. However, her means for reaching this end may be considered faulty, as we will see. One aspect we should consider when reading Woolf's essay is her androgynous reference. For example, she writes, "The normal and comfortable state of being is that when the two live in harmony together, spiritually cooperating. If one is a man, still the woman part of the brain must h

Most of what we know about the first inhabitants of North America, the ancestors of today's First Nations and Inuit, is due to the work of archaeologists. These specialists have generally divided the past into two periods: the historic period, for which we have written accounts; and the prehistoric period, prior to the existence of written records. Archaeological work on the prehistoric period - studying stone tools, bone chips, and faunal and other remains - is invaluable because few other types of information are available. Certain key discoveries have contributed to our knowledge of these people. In 1927 a fluted point was uncovered near the town of Folsom, New Mexico, which dated back to about 8,500 BC. Similar artifacts from the same time period have since been discovered in Canada. In 1975 a discovery was made at the Bluefish Caves in the mountains of the no

Economic deprivation is the major factor that has seriously eroded the pillar of marriage within the African American community. The changing family structure has also created economic and social implications. Any effort at remedying the dismal picture would necessitate a revival of the economic front for which education holds the key. Introduction The African American community in the United States is definitely facing a huge problem. Divorce rates are among the highest compared with all other ethnic groups. Hostile environment, which the African American community had to face in the United States, made it even more difficult for them to stabilize their familial ties. Divorce rates are very high compared to the white population and increasingly children end up growing with single parent. Change in family structure, economic backwardness and absence of the social support within the community have all contributed to this disruption in married life and th

A) What is the subject of the book' John Keegan's Mask of Command examines the unique status of the war general as he is perceived in a variety of historical and cultural settings. As war is a hallmark of all cultures, Keegan points to the universality of the general's persona. However, the author does not treat generalship solely from a psychological perspective. Rather, he sets out to place war generals in context of their times and societies. By analyzing four major historical figures that shaped not only their own cultures but that of neighboring societies and future generations, Keegan backs up his thesis with historical fact. The four war generals Keegan focuses on: Alexander the Great, Wellington, Ulysses S. Grant, and Hitler, each made a unique impact on history but was also a unique product of their particular epoch and culture. Therefore, Keegan shows that each of these major war generals deserves a different historical perspective. For instance, Alexande

The decision of any electorate to reelect the current presidential incumbent is usually contingent on his or her performance on important issues such as economic development, social justice, and foreign policy. Though the domestic economy has been the deciding factor in most U.S. presidential races, the Republican Party elevated September 11th and Homeland Security to the top of its political agenda in 2002 congressional campaign, based on which it won the Senate. Given its previous success and the recent increase in poll ratings post Saddam's capture, it is likely to feature prominently in the 2004 elections as well. While one more, unfortunate terrorist incident may well swing public opinion overwhelmingly in favor of Bush and the Republicans, the American public would do well to remember the democratic values it stands for and the fact that the Iraq war has not only undermined those values but taken a heavy toll of American lives and resources. As things

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the short stories of Kate Chopin, and why she chose to write so many short stories. Specifically, it will discuss why American women in the late 19th century wrote short stories. What was it about the short story genre that made it so successful, who was the audience, why was it a popular vehicle for women writers, and why was it easier for them to be published in this form as opposed to novels' Short stories have always been a popular form of fiction, because they take less time to write, and they are read more quickly. In the late 19th century, women writers were particularly fond of the short story, and so were editors, and so they tended to be the most sought after type of women's writing.

This is a third grade reading class in an elementary school in New Mexico. The student population is ninety-nine percent Navajo (non-english speakers). The school is on the Navajo reservation and the students share many cultural attributes. There are no dissenting clan' issues within the class and the students are more than willing to share cultural experiences and understanding with the non-Navajo teacher. It is a school under ' correctional action'' as a result of poor performance scores. The class is aligned according to level scores and includes two second graders, seven third graders, four fourth graders and four fifth graders. There are no special education students in the class. All of the students showed reading skills appropriate to beginning third grade. Developmentally, these students encompass a wide range as their ages differ as much as three years. The two second graders are seven years old, just beginning to understand group dynamics in t

Before addressing and comparing the Likert and Thurstone scales, we must first briefly discuss two conceptual elements: attitudes and scaling or measuring attitudinal phenomena. We must agree that an attitude, because of its psychological dimension, is hard to evaluate. We have no problem in measuring physical characteristics of a person, like height and weight, to which a numerical attribute can be easily associated, however, a psychological dimension is harder to measure. How can this be done' According to Hogg & Vaughan, we can measure a person's attitude by "asking questions about thoughts, feelings, and likely actions toward the attitude object". In this sense, each person's opinion can be measured by a numerical score, obtained by scaling his response and reaction to a certain object. This brings us to the question of scaling. According to S.S. Stevens, "scaling is the assignment of objects to numbers according to a rule". From this point

In many ways, an email message is half way between an oral and a written message in terms of formalism and way of writing. If we think about formalism, we may acknowledge that oral communication is least formal. In oral communication, we may have interjections, specific expressions, colloquial expressions and other elements that would never find their place in a written message (unless we are referring to a novel or a literary work. In this case, we may expect to discover certain oral expressions in writin

All over the world, United States of America is acknowledged as "the land of opportunity." However, all this time, it has been apparent that some Americans give the impression to be short of the opportunities that others have, or give the impression to be less capable to receive benefit of these opportunities. Particularly, in the American universities, tenured male teachers outnumber tenured female teachers by a ratio of 10 to 1. In this day and age, approximately no one would ascribe such a disproportion to an innate male intellectual dominance. In terms of working out for a university education, it has been observed that Americans of African decent are lagging a long way behind their white equivalents. In 1983 for instance, barely 600 blacks in America achieved over 1200 on the SAT, contrasted with 60,000 whites (Thomas, 1994). The figures for black Americans outside the educational dominion, on the other han

I joined the trip to America with much trepidation. I was barely 16, when my parents decided to move the family to America to seek our fortune. I knew that the trip would not be happy, but became even more nervous when my father Eugene called our trip the American Wake. When I asked him why, he simply said, "Molly, we shall never see Ireland again." Mother just stood by him, watching silently as the ship carried us away from the shore. Like many other Irish during the time, our family moved to America for work, to find a better life. We had been told that America was a welcoming and bountiful country, but this was not always true. I was only 16 the first time I saw a sign that said, "No Irish need apply." I had just arrived in America with my parents and my brother, along with many others of my countrymen from Ireland, England and other parts of northern Europe. My brother Malachy became angry about the sign, since he was young and all he wanted to do wa

Although economist Milton Friedman once proclaimed that "There's no such thing as a free lunch," that doesn't necessarily hold true for software. There are some totally free programsâ€"quite a number, in factâ€"that come without so much as an advertiser's banner across the top as a form of payment." (Some freeware' is free to the user, but not to the advertiser, and those do carry banners, or even spyware, which reports your Internet efforts in aid of market research.) Websense Inc. reported in 2002 that the number of freeware and shareware sites on the Web had spiked 315 percent in the previous year to a total of more than 4,300 Web sites and a total of almost 1.3 million Web pages. Freeware sites distribute free software the user can download; shareware sites offer software on a free trial basis and usually including an expiration date, which is tracked. (Business Wire, 2002) Popular systems such as the Linux operat

Manufacturing companies all have logistics problems. These days, those are most often fixed through a combination of recognizing where the logjams are located, and applying a generally high-tech solution. The ten companies profiled below all demonstrate this combination. RCA/Thomson Consumer Electronics RCA is a well-known name in consumer electronics, and particularly televisions from palm-sized to room-size, plus other audio-video equipment. Its Bloomington, Indiana, its Thomson Consumer Electronics plant ships about 500,000 orders each year (15,000 products a day rolling off assembly lines at Bloomington), but it does so with a patchwork of 25 separate freight carriers globally (15 in the U.S.), which could be a logistics nightmare; while it is preferable to push down shipping logistics to a carrier (as many companies do with UPS, using not only their freight service but their shipment tracking, etc.), RCA was manually entering bills of lading for every

Most of you have probably played or at least heard of five card stud or any of the many variations of the exciting card game of Poker. One of the most interesting and fun styles of Poker, especially in a gambling situation, is Texas Hold'em. A great game for large groups of people, Texas Hold'em Poker is one of the more popular Poker games in standard and online casinos. Because Hold'em poker involves a communal set of cards in addition to the cards you hold in your hand, betting strategies are complex, varied, and exciting. In fact, one round of Hold'em Poker includes four rounds of betting, so the stakes can get quite high. Learning how to play Texas Hold'em Poker is easy, especially if you are already familiar with other forms of the game and know the various five-card Poker hands. I'll assume you already have a basic understanding of Poker and launch right into a discussion about how to play Texas Hold'em Poker. First, players "post the blinds," or decide how m

A number of kings may have ruled in 17th century Asia, yet they differed significantly in their treatment of citizens and captives. Two historic recordsâ€"one written by the influential Chinese Buddhist Abbot Shilian Dashan about self-proclaimed King Minh Vuong in 1695, and the second compiled by Father Pierre Du Jarric during the early 1600s on Akbar or Great Mogul--clearly demonstrated how varied these kingdoms could be. In 1695 King Minh Vuong invited Abbot Dashan to his Vietnamese Kingdom of Dang Trong, or what the Europeans called "Cochinchina," to establish the principles of the school of Zen Buddhism. After an arduous voyage, made worse by the claustrophobic quarters shared with merchants and traders, the multi-storied vessel arrived at its destination. It did not take long for the abbot to recognize that not all was peaceful and abundant in this land. Several old men, unkempt and with blackened teeth, came up to the boat as soon as it ar

In Bush at War, Bob Woodward paints a picture of President Bush's high level national security activities. What emerges is less a picture of intrigue but instead, an insider's account of hum-drum everyday activities of the President and his six national security advisers. This paper examines the picture that emerges of such behind the scenes activities when the author can base his account not on leaks and hidden sources, but through interviews and open access.

Introduction The Internet has presented us with many options for managing our lives and finances. Online bill paying has become a convenient way for people to pay their bills while conserving the environment. The purpose of this discussion is to examine how online bill paying helps the world's attempt to conserve. Our discussion will focus on how online bill paying conserves the use of paper products. In addition, we will discuss the challenges that online bill paying presents. Let's begin by defining online bill paying. What is Online Bill Paying' According to an article in the journal, Economic Perspective, the Online bill paying method "no longer uses the mail system as a delivery mechanism for bill presentment and payment initiation. Instead, it uses the Internet as a speedier and less expensive delivery infrastructure to present bills electronically. (6) With the percentage of U.S. households with Intern

Personal ethical dilemmas are part of everyday life in the realm of business management. Business professionals are often faced with difficult situations that demand challenging decisions. These situations often involve problems that confront and involve moral and ethical behavior within the business. Wrong decisions on the behalf of business management professionals may spell disaster for the careers of these individuals as well as for the business itself. Personal ethical dilemmas confronted by business management professionals include being offered gifts, compromising quality, lowering the quality of communication with co-workers and management, as well as with clients, and the abuse of power along with the transparency and openness of information (Rutland, 2002). One of the key problems faced by business professionals is whether or not to accept gifts that are offered by contractors or vendors involved with the business. This could be understood as a f

History and Origins: The Protestant Reformation of Martin Luther sparked the formation of a radical "Anabaptists" branch of Christianity in the sixteenth century, many of whom eventually fled religious pressures and persecution in their countries of origin. Some resettled in the Americas, while others found relative safety in Russia. Ultimately, many of the Russian Anabaptists sought refuge in the United States by the end of World War I, too.(1) Many of the later Anabaptist immigrants to America came from Switzerland and Germany, and they retained most of their cultures of origin, such as their German dialects and cuisine. Many more communities or sects developed within the Mennonite Anabaptists, totaling more than one million, in the Americas, Africa, Asia, and in Europe, their land of origin. Mennonites took their name from a converted Dutch priest by the name of Menno Simons (1496-1561) who provided Anabaptism