Paul Kens, in his book Lochner v. New York: Economic Regulation on Trial, makes the case that Lochner, and the Lochner era of the Supreme Court, forms the foundation of ideological battles between economics and personal liberty and rights. The court found, in that case, that the state of New York had violated due process and the "right of contract between employers and employees." (Kens, 1998) That was part and parcel of a concept of the legal system Kens said was employed to good effect as far as creating an economic powerhouse. Many believe with Kens that: The most important function of the American legal system in the nineteenth century was to foster the growth of an ever-expanding national economy. The federal judiciary in the late nineteenth century participated in this project by using the powers that the 14th Amendment gave it to protect the economic rights of American citizens. T

The two works chosen, Salome (painted 1869-1870) by Henri-Alexandre-George Regnault (1843-1871), and Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc) by Jules Bastien- Lepage, are both evocative works of beautiful women painted by men who died in their prime, Regnault at 28 and Bastien-Lepage at 36. The years of their lives overlapped, as well. And of course, both works were done in oils. But there the similarity ends.

The movie Braveheart, directed by Mel Gibson, tells the story of William Wallace, a freedom fighter for Scotland who lived at the end of the 14th century. The movie reflects the universal theme of freedom and that being completely free is worth fighting for. The story is complex on multiple levels, perhaps rooted in Wallace's desire to raise his family in peace. This desire conflicts with the King of England, Edward "Longshanks," who reined with dominance over the lives of the people of Scotland. His tactics, such as "prima noctur," where English landowners have sexual rights to every Scottish bride on the night of her wedding, are unacceptable to Wallace. Longshanks struggles with multiple internal conflicts: his only son is a homosexual, and although he has a wife, it is unlikely that he will produce an heir. The prince's wife has met Wallace, and because Longshanks underestimates her abilities, she is able to pass along military information to Wallace. In Braveheart, Gibson ensure

If Man can and does evolve, why not computers' Alan Turing, who argued that a computer could respond intelligently to a human asking questions, believes that the essence of the phenomenal consciousness is held within the scientific or computational aspects of biological functioning. The first step towards this end is seen in the discovery and understanding of cellular automata or CA. "CA are systems in which cells that are laid out in a regular spatial grid change color (state) according to rules that depend on the color of the cell and its nearest neighbors. By applying the same simple rules over and over again, CA can generate a wide variety of patterns, some of which are highly symmetric like snowflakes, others that appear random, and others that look basically the same on all scales (fractals)" (Naiditch 31). CA may be explained as being discrete "systems whose behavior is specified in terms of a local relation, much like the universe itself. (O)bjects t

The television show ER is one of the most popular and longest-running programs still on television. The episode aired April 8, 2004 focused on the personal life of attending physician Kerry Weaver, portrayed by actor Laura Innes. In this episode, Weaver's lesbian life partner Sandy Lopez partner dies in a fire. Lopez's family then takes the opportunity to file for custody of their infant son, who is Lopez's natural child. Weaver tries in vain to retain custody of her son. In the end, however, her efforts are fruitless. Since the law does not recognize same-sex partnerships, Weaver did not have any legal standing as a parent or spouse, she eventually lost custody of her son to Lopez's vindictive relatives. This paper examines Weaver's difficulty as part of a same-sex partnership and as a non-traditional parent from two sociological traditions. The first part of the paper uses the structural-functionalist approach, emphasizing the writings of sociologist

The Emergence of Black Feminist Consciousness - The Black woman confronts two basic and enormous struggles on account of her skin color: white supremacy and male superiority. These preset conditions she is born into, lives through and vastly endeavors to shape and interpret a consciousness of her own. The Black church is that environment, which presents itself as the most viable for the Black woman's consciousness. Since the 17th century, Black slave communities took sole and secret recourse and refuge in it. Black men and women expressed themselves freely as Christians within this church and within its confine she develops a religious consciousness (Cannon 2004). The communities took solace in the sovereignty of an omnipresent, omnipotent and omniscient God and in His word. In their prayer meetings and services, passages from the Bible gave them courage and a sense of worth. Through the ravages of the two World Wars and unbroken racial persecution and

For many social science educators, bringing lessons to life and making the subject matter interesting and immediate rank among the greatest challenges. Many children do not respond to textbooks that are simply filled with dates and facts to be memorized. Many social science teachers find that this textbook-based approach fails to engage students in the subject matter. This paper argues that a literature-based social science curriculum allows students to discern deeper insight regarding the impact of historical events and social issues. The use of literature can thus help educators engage the students, through carefully chosen reading material tailored to meet their students' interests. This literature-based social studies curriculum should thus be explored in greater detail and integrated into more classrooms. The first part of this paper examines theories regarding how literary works could enrich a social studies curriculum. This section looks at examples of the successful integration of literature-based social studies. In the final section, the paper makes recommendations relating specific literary texts to subjects in the history and the social sciences.

'Johnny Stecchino', released in 1991, proved to be the biggest box office hit in its native country, Italy. The movie stars Robert Benigni, who is also the co -writer and director of the movie. Robert Begnini plays a double role in this movie, one as bus driver Dante and his look- alike gangster Johnny. The movie that runs for 100 minutes is an excellent proof of Robert Benigni's ability to turn an usually serious topic of Mafia into a comedy. The movie is about a jolly bus driver , Dante in Rome . He hasn't got anything exciting in life, in fact he lives a life of kindhearted loser. His best friend is one of retarded children he transports from school to home and back again, Lillo. He also shoplifts bananas with this friend to discourage him from eating pastries, as he is diabetic. The scene where he steals bananas shows how Begnini can "squeeze more laughs from a simple prop, (in this case a banana), than any other comic in modern movies"(1). At the same time h

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the novel "Night" by Elie Wiesel. Specifically, it will answer several specific questions about the novel. "Night" is the story of the author's deportation to the concentration camp Auschwitz, and how he managed to survive, while so many other Jews perished. The Holocaust was one of the world's most despicable acts, and books such as Wiesel's are vital in keeping the history of the Holocaust alive, so that it never can happen again.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of American History. Specifically, it will contain a letter home as a slave working on a plantation in the South in the 1800s. The life of a slave in the South before the Civil War was a terrible life filled with hunger, hard work, and violence. This young man writes to his mother home in Africa, telling her what has happened to him since she last saw him.

In my opinion, all comes down to the two quotes that were mentioned in the end of the case study, one by Milton Friedman ("corporations that give away money are stealing from the shareholder") and Margaret Mead ("never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is all that ever has") and to a conclusion on whether Timberland can actually combine the company's responsibility to create value for its shareholders with the engagement preached by Swartz in his public statement. It is my current opinion as now that it cannot. Any company that is involved in a capitalistic market has a sole main goal: maximize its profits, in a sense that this also maximizes the overall value of the company for all shareholders involved. The question we have to ask ourselves here is how involvement with City Year maximizes the overall value of Timberland. Of course, at a first glance, the conclusion may appear rather straightforwa

Introduction Social stratification is a recurring theme in many great works of literature. Social stratification can be defined as a "hierarchical ranking of groups (that is) based on the unequal distribution of societal resources and positions" (The University of Texas at Dallas). Throughout history, social stratification has influenced the class system of America, the caste system of India, and the feudal system of Europe. Today, social stratification has a very real influence in America and Europe. Even today, Americans are often divided by income, race, gender, and social structure. While this definition is undoubtedly complete and correct, it does little to tell us about the real, human consequences of social stratification. It is through an understanding of the impact of social stratification on a real human life that makes us understand the human costs. For example, the vivid descriptions of racism and scorn faced by Eudora Welty's protagonist i

Dawn of a New Lawn by Andy Wasowski is, interestingly, a critical view of a seemingly harmless' topic and activity, that of gardening and landscaping. Indeed, the appropriate title Wasowski uses in his article illustrates that the "dawn" he is referring to is criticism that he discusses on the dysfunctions of residential landscapes in American society, particularly on its adverse effects on the environment. The author's critical discussion of the topic stems from the fact that unknown to most people, residential landscapes, while being aesthetically functional, has its dysfunctions as well, such as the high cost of maintenance of the said activity, particularly because "it is flagrantly wasteful of drinking water and nonrenewable resources," as quoted in the article. Apart from stressing the dysfunction that residential landscaping does to the environment, the author centers his attention how this social norm and activity has pervaded the lives of American

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of the three strikes law. The research study will document the impact of the three strikes law on criminal behavior and activity, in an attempt to assess whether the law and similar laws act as an effective deterrent to crime. The research will be conducted of criminal activity in three major cities across the United States. The three strikes law was developed in California as a mechanism meant to lengthen sentences and deter crime, especially crime committed by repeat offenders. Recent studies have suggested however, that the three strikes law is less effective than its initial intended. Among the problems cited by citizens include its tendency to unfairly discriminate against certain minority populations, and the tendency to sentence individuals who normally may be classified as non-violent, minor criminals, as felony offenders. A majority of these "felony offenders" are serving sentences that ar

This review attempts to summarize the recent Industrial Research Institute article on Xerox's new approach for bringing new technology products and services to market. Established organizations are at a slight disadvantage over startups when moving new or innovative products and services to market. Company's such as Xerox find at times that they are too big for their own good, or worse they find themselves in a position where investors have no patience and therefore stop new products not expected to bring an immediate return. Imagine a company as well established as Xerox creating an entirely new digital copying system but is not able to bring it to market because of the expectations for

Hamlet and Prince Hal initially strike the reader or viewer of their respective dramas as miserable adolescents, albeit of different types. Both Hamlet and Hal seem to live in a state of anger, alienated from their respective societies. Over the course of Prince Hamlet's tragedy and Prince Hal's historical play of coming to age in the drama named after his father, "Henry IV, Part 1," both of these protagonists come of age before the audience's eyes and ears. To achieve this sense of maturity the protagonist must become a murderer of an individual who is the embodiment of all that his father champions. By killing such an individual, both characters are also able to kill the false ideal of the male self that is upheld by both their respective societies and their respective fathers. In doing so, they resolve the crux of both of their internal dilemmas. The alienation of Hamlet from his society can be seen in the first soliloquy he utters to the audience. "Oh that this too, too,

INTRODUCTION The United States and its allies have engaged in three uses of military force that have been the issue of debate throughout the international community. These scenarios have been debated on the issue of morality raising ethical question. The legality of these actions in relation to international law has also been debated. This paper will address the factors that have influenced the decisions for these actions and discuss their relevance on current international law. This paper aims to outline what impact these factors have had, if any, on international law, not whether they provided justification.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of rights in our society. Specifically, it will discuss the importance of protecting individual rights in our society. To what extent do you think this right to protection extends to people who have (or might be) accused of a crime' Individual rights are extremely important in our society, but there are always two sides to every issue and the issue of individual rights as they pertain to those accused of crimes. Where is the line drawn between the rights of the individual perpetrator against the rights of society' These are contentious issues facing Americans today, and they will not be solved easily or lightly.

The Jane Hodgson v Minnesota case revolved around a State law whereby a woman below 18 could not obtain an abortion until 48 hours after her parents had been notified (Legal Information Institute 1990). Exceptions were if the woman was a victim of family abuse or neglect; a court of competent jurisdiction allowed her to proceed upon presentation of evidence that she was "mature and capable of mature consent;" and if the abortion was to her best interests. Concerned sectors filed a complaint at the District Court that the statute violated the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the 14th Amendment. The District Court declared the statute completely unconstitutional and enjoined that it be so enforced. The District Court found that requiring the notification of both parents had harmful effects on both the woman and her parents if the latter were divorced or separated or the family was dysfunctional. It agreed that the minor could bypass the two-parent r

In the United States, decade following World War II should have been an era of prosperity and peace. After all, the Great Depression that had pervaded the 1920s through the 1930s was over. The United States had emerged victorious from the war. The country's position as a military superpower was rapidly being solidified by its emerging economic might. However, the United States of 1940s and the 1950s can also be characterized by a hysterical wave of anti-Communist paranoia. The result was a government-sanctioned system of political repression and widespread violation of the rights of many citizens. One of the most important periods of this era was the McCarthy trials, during which Congressional hearings were conducted to expose and in many cases, persecute people for their "un-American" beliefs. It is difficult for the modern reader to understand how such repressive practices could have happened, particularly in a country that emerged victorious fro

Part One: Scenes and descriptions Opening scene: It was probably the dumbest thing she had ever thought in her life and the very dumbest thing she had ever said. There they were, coming down the escalator at the airport in Dublin, Ireland, and she had to blurt out, "Wow! All these people look Irish." Well, duh. No wonder he had left her. Sure, he had waited ten years, but she just knew it had to have been that idiotic remark. Who could live with anyone dumb enough to say the Irish looked Irish' And now here she was again, arriving in Ireland, without a man, without a job, but with every intention of getting a job working with horses, getting a husband, and getting settled in the one place on earth she had always wanted to be. It seemed there was just one problem: at the moment, the Irish police thought she was a terrorist. Opening scene description: The main character is lost in her own thoughts on arriving at Dublin International Airport. She

A two page paper on Hannibal's exploits and his role in the Punic War. It has 4 sources.

This is a paper on sensation and perception. There is one reference for this paper.

Article Review: Ten Ways to Shake the Corporate World This article deals with corporate America and how companies that are concerned about innovation and changes in the world of technology can keep abreast of new and different ideas so that they do not end up going out of business when things change. The author discusses the Xerox Corp. that he worked for and how it has managed to remain an important factor in change throughout many years. He feels that much of the problem that plagues many businesses is that they do not know how to plan for the future properly. They make 5, 10, or even longer year plans but they do not actually examine how things might change in the future. They make these plans based solely on what is happening now and the forecasts for the future but they do not take into account how much change may occur in that period of time. Because of this, he points out 10 specific things that businesses should do in order to keep up with changing times. The article makes note

To borrow a term from Shakespeare, the arguments against the U.S. Patriot Act (USAPA) are much to do about nothing. Upon exploration of major concerns regarding USAPA, the arguments made are weak and often over exaggerated claims designed to inflame those concerned with protecting civil liberties. This paper discusses the opponents' major points against USAPA and finds each assertion to be inane or false. The reality is that USAPA simply allows the investigation of all suspected terrorist activity using surveillance common to other criminal investigations and improved communication across government agencies. Opponents of the USAPA argue that the expanded definition of terrorism to cover domestic as well as international terrorism expands the type of conduct that the government can investigate too broadly (How the USA Patriot Act redefines "domestic terrorism). They believe that the government will unfairly use this broader interpretation to monitor the activi