Assisting developing nations in the world is a US foreign policy priority in the pursuit of what the administration of President George W. Bush considers its moral imperative to combat poverty (Inter-American Development Bank 2002). In realizing this pursuit and implementing the foreign policy, he proposed a new initiative of development that would increase its accountability for both rich and poor nations and encourage the same commitment from, and link up with, other developed nations towards developing ones. In demonstrating this high level of commitment, President Bush raised the US core development assistance fund by 50% or 5 billion over 2002 level and deposited into a New Millennium Challenge Account for the benefit of developing nations' economies and standards of living (Inter- American Development Bank). The US has been the world's largest provider of humanitarian assistance and food aid at $3 billion in 2000; spends a billion dollars every month in the war

HIPPA enacted changes in 1996 that are just now taking effect among healthcare organizations throughout the nation. It is expected that over the next few years the effects of HIPPA legislation on healthcare will be wide reaching. Many healthcare organizations have reported that the new legislation has resulted in costly processing changes that are unnecessary. A majority of the changes however, are customer or service oriented and have been put into place to protect the privacy of patients. The impact HIPPA has had on health care as a whole is explored in much greater detail below.

The biological and genetic basis for aggressive behavior in human beings is likely to be of less interest to schoolteachers and administrators than the potential, practical ways to prevent negative and destructive exhibitions of aggression in school age children and adolescents. In other words, given that the problem of aggressive behavior exists, even if it may be more noticeable in identical twins, and even if it may have profound roots in human biology and behavior, ultimately what works to reduce its effects upon the learning environment is the most constructive way to approach the problem. Furthermore, the presence of guns and the presence of mediums such as violent video games and movies seem to exacerbate long-standing tendencies towards aggressiveness, creating a toxic environment that must be remedied. After all, the genetic pool and human biology have not changed that much in the past twenty years, yet such incidents as Columbine seem to grow, even if on

Robert Frost and T. S. Eliot were undoubtedly influential poets of their time. Both poets eventually enjoyed fame and popularity for developing their own voice and style. While both men wrote compelling poetry, we find the aesthetic poet with Eliot and the meditative poet with Frost. Both men clearly experienced the beauty and despair that was common to their time, but their poetry took very different paths, and in the poets' eyes, served different purposes. Frost is most certainly recognized as a poet coming close to nature, often using nature as a symbol in many of his pastoral poems. We also discover his verse to be more reflective and meditative than that Eliot's. Additionally, there seems to be no subject too simple or complicated for Frost. His topics cover a variety of issues from moral dilemmas to mending fences. While his work can often feel as dark as Eliot's does, it rarely connects itself with historical circumstances and modern issues. In contrast,

There are a number of wireless technologies in use for low- to high- bit-rate transmissions in residential, light commercial, commercial, and industrial applications. These include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee. While many experts are predicting that one standard will outdo the other, this paper describes the benefits of these technologies and explains the unique position each has in the wireless spectrum. Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) is a high-frequency wireless local area network (TechTarget). The Wi-Fi technology is rapidly gaining acceptance in many companies as an alternative to a wired LAN and can also be installed for a home network. Wi-Fi is specified in the IEEE 802.11b specification and is part of a series of wireless specifications together with 802.11, 802.11a, and 802.11g. All four standards use the Ethernet protocol and carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance for path sharing. Wi-Fi technology operates in the 2.4 GHz range offering dat

One need only turn on the evening news to get a sense of the tragic state of world affairs, especially during times of war. Yet even before the invention of television or print photography, war and killing were integral parts of the human social and political experience. Edwin Brock captures a variety of images of and reactions to war, death, and degradation in his poem "Five Ways to Kill a Man." Using satire, historical references, and intense imagery, Brock conveys the unfortunate, inescapable reality of war and inhuman behavior. Furthermore, the final stanza of the poem emphasizes the particularly brutal nature of the wars occurring in the twentieth century, which Brock perceives as being a particularly lethal time. Brock writes not necessarily to evoke an emotional reaction in his readers; in fact, he reports on his subject matter almost with detached awareness and rationality. "There are many cumbersome ways to kill a man," the poem opens. Among these ways include cru

In a July 15, 2002 article in U.S. Mayor Newspaper, Eugene T. Lowe discusses the House Financial Services Committee matching grant program for state and local housing trust funds. This article reveals a great deal of the complexities involved in the political influence over trust funds and government and non-profit funding.

The voting franchise, how many people participate in the voting process, is known to be an important factor in shaping government policies. A recent study examined state government spending and state and local spending for forty-six states from 1950 until 1988 (Husted and Kenny, 1997). It found that the elimination of poll taxes and literacy tests led to higher turnout, particularly among the poor, and a poorer pivotal voter. As a result, a fall in the income of voters relative to state income, and the ouster of Republicans from state government led to a sharp rise in w

Background and History: The notion of a living Earth is hardly a "new" perspective; ancient recorded human history and archeological evidence suggests that most primitive religions incorporated at least some general beliefs in a conscious "Mother Earth". The practice of paying homage to or praying to this entity is a theme central to many primitive cultures. Both the ancient Greeks and early Christians believed in a conscious Earth, as did St. Thomas Aquinas, to a lesser degree (Sagan). In fact, the etiology of the word Gaia is based on the word Ge (or Gaia), the name of the Earth goddess of the ancient Greeks (OceansOn-line). Likewise, interpreting weather phenomena as a purported medium of communication between man and his gods and the practice of sacrificial ceremonies triggered by weather or seasonal changes is evident, in myriad variations, throughout early theistic philosophical perspectives. Even the more modern o

In director Lasse Hallstrom's film, What's Eating Gilbert Grape showcases the exceptionality of the mentally handicapped within the context of a family situation. The clearly non-traditional and dysfunctional family struggles to care for their mentally handicapped son, Arne, and yet manage to show love and support for each other throughout some trying and difficult time. The struggles that the family faces often illustrate the difficulties faced by families and caregivers of the mentally handicapped, especially in regard to the balance between personal needs and family responsibilities. In the movie, Arne (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) is the 17-year-old mentally handicapped brother of the lead character, Gilbert (played by Johnny Depp). While the majority of the movie is about Gilbert's struggles with his life and dysfunctional family, much of his anxiety and trouble comes from Arne. Leonardo DiCaprio does a fantastic job of portraying the mentally hand

In the novel, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Thomas Hardy presents us with the portrait of a tragic hero with Michael Henchard. Henchard fits the definition of a tragic hero because he is not completely good or evil and his misfortune is the result of his human frailty, or tragic flaw. His tragic flaw is the result of his greed and dishonesty. A tragic hero must be associated with greatness and through his or her own error or misjudgment, fall from that greatness. This paper will explore how Henchard achieves success only to lose it by his own making.

The evolution of British literature is a fascinating discovery of talent that continues to impress us. Literature has been blessed with great writers that come from a relatively small country. Literature often tells us much about society, the author, and ourselves. When we read Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, we cannot help but be reminded of our quirky nature. When we read Hamlet or Othello, we are reminded of our frail human condition. When we read Milton's "Paradise Lost," we become aware of the spiritual side of life. All of these writers influenced literature in their time and continue to influence audiences today because of their compelling messages. When we consider the birth and expanse of literature, we first begin with the Middle Ages, which covers approximately 1000 years to roughly 1485. Earliest influences on literature stem from what is commonly referred to the Dark Ages. M. H. Abrams notes that this is a particular term used to define the peri

One of the predominant themes in William Shakespeare's play, Romeo and Juliet, is that the passion of love can rarely exist without the pain of love. Shakespeare has captured realistic elements of life in this play as the young lovers experience the thrill of passion and the devastating effect of its loss. The characters of Romeo and Juliet reflect many characteristics that make them seem real to us. In their circumstance, we also see the hand of fate heavily influenced by character, which is one reasons why the play is so popular. In the end, we realize that the pain of love would not be so great if not for the passion that sparked the love. The play is real because it is not too terrible happy and too terribly sad. In fact, Henry Myers notes, "Here we see not a happy ending, as in a fairy story, and not an unhappy ending, as in some grim naturalistic tale . . . but a truly tragic ending, in which joy and sorrow are inevitably joined together--a victory in defea

In theory there is a rational difference between police profiling' and racial discrimination'. However, in actuality this distinction is open to suspicion of racial and other biases towards minorities and marginalized communities and cultures. The profiler is often seen as a discriminator who tags' and targets certain groups or ethnic and racial groupings with pre- determined ideas about their qualities and attributes. It is the significance of the creation of pre-determined views that creates the problem with police profiling. There is no doubt that the essential basis of all prejudice is pre- determined thought and actions. By having pre-determined ideas about a class or group of people one is automatically and by definition prejudiced towards that group or racial class. This is the basis of the negative response that has emerged in recent years to the practice of police profiling. Profiling is seen in practice as another

Nowhere is the practice of equality as important as in the United States court of law. Indeed, constitutional principles should be upheld in order to maintain public trust in the criminal justice system. The most prominent demonstration of constitutional actions then begins with jury selection. Certain principles govern the selection of both petit and grand juries, especially in cases where representatives of minority groups are concerned. The policy of discrimination against these groups has socially and legally been abolished. Yet in many cases it is still evident that such policies are upheld. The cases of Batson v. Kentucky (1986) and Castaneda v. Partida (1977) are considered as examples of discriminatory practices relating to jury selection. Batson v. Kentucky (Petit Jury) This 1986 case concerns Batson, a black man charged with second- degree burglary and receipt of stolen goods. At the jury selection phase the prosecutor used peremptory challe

Over the course of the next several months, both presidential nominees will make many speeches in their efforts to campaign for president. However, after the election is overâ€"and the last presidential election was not over in the year 2000 until long after Novemberâ€"the president must make an inaugural address in January on the steps of the Capitol building to bring the nation together after a long and divisive campaign. Unlike the campaign speeches

According to most historians, the term nationalism refers to the loyalty and devotion of persons or citizens to a particular nation through a sense of national consciousness that places one nation above all others. In addition, nationalism places a primary emphasis on the cultural aspects and interests of a nation as opposed to those of other nations or groups. The main reasons for nationalism are usually based on national security and defense, especially during times of war. In world history, one can find many examples of nationalism, such as during the Russian Revolution of 1917, World War II and the Cold War. In November of 1917, a coup d'etat headed by Vladimir Lenin and his Bolshevik party created the Russian Revolution which overthrew the monarchy of Nicholas II. The reasons for this revolution are all based on nationalism, for it is clear that the Bolsheviks, seeing themselves as the saviors of Russia, were very upset with the political, social and econo

There is little doubt that the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 have had economic impact both in the United States and in the other industrialized nations of the globe. The question is, however, how much impact, and, if there has been significant impact, in what areas' More importantly, however, the question might profitably asked: how can one determine whether the economic conditions obtaining in the industrialized world are a result of 9/11 or of other forces pre-existing or co-existing with the terror attacks and subsequent Bush agenda for coping with the aftermath of those attacks' Indeed, it appears, after a brief review of recent literature concerning economics in a post-9/11 global setting, that the attacks had relatively little to do with direct economic effects and, at best, are a component of an economic two-step that has resulted in global soft economies. The President's 2003 Economic Report also glosses over the direct effects of 9/11, offer

With people from diverse ethnic and social backgrounds entering the workforce, corporate world needs to make adequate changes in its various policies to successfully embrace the changing face of the workforce and to be able to create a friendlier, more flexible organizational culture. In a company where these changes are not easily accepted, discriminatory practices exist, which give rise to the issue of employment discrimination, whereby certain disadvantaged groups become victims of biased organizational policies. In other words, it is clear that American workforce is turning into a more diverse element, which is likely to revolutionize the way organizations work and implement policies. But this diversity of workforce creates alarming potential for employment discrimination. Discrimination not only affects the organization that refuses to embrace change and move with it, but also seriously hurts the individual who becomes its victim. Employment discrimination adversely

As one of the greatest Greek philosophers, Socrates had a passionate concern to discover valid guidelines for leading a just life and to prove that justice is better than injustice under all circumstances which in effect gave a new direction to Greek philosophy and teaching. Compared to most of his contemporaries, Socrates lived in poverty and publicly disdained material possessions, but as a teacher, Socrates spent a good deal of his time in conversation and contemplation with his fellow Athenians, especially the young people of Greece. Socrates wrote nothing and all of our knowledge of his ideas comes from the writings of others, especially those of Plato, his one-time pupil. Plato's dialogues portray Socrates as a great teacher who often conversed about philosophy, the arts and pedagogy. By using what has come to be called the Socratic method, Socrates nev

Motherly Love, Motherly Modelingâ€"How Maternal Influences Affect and Defect Daughters in Louise Edrich's Tales of Burning Love and Milan Kundera's The Unbearable Lightness of Being

The power of language is one of the themes present in Bernard Shaw's play, Pygmalion. Through the radical transformation of Eliza, Shaw is demonstrating not only the importance of language but he is also stating that speech was pivotal in regards to social distinctions. However, he also indicates that while proper speech was a necessity for upward mobility, proper manners were necessary as well. To emphasize the clash between social distinctions, Shaw contrasts different aspects of class through how characters speak and dress. For instance, Doolittle is visits Higgins and Pickering dressed as a "dustman" (130), who has a "professional flavor of dust about him" (133). Additionally, Higgins is "overwhelmed by the proximity" of Doolittle. Shaw further reinforces the distinctions between classes by having Doolittle admit that he is "One of the undeserving poor" (134). He is also well aware of the fact that even though he has needs just as everyone else, he is of lower-class status and is therefore undeserving" (134). Addition

Women have historically been exploited by patriarchal systems. They have been reduced to sex slaves and to confined housewifery, forced either into prostitution or marriage. It is commonly believed that such exploitation is a thing of the past, and that modern women have moved beyond the limitations of these two options. Certainly some progress has been made, for women are now a significant percentage of the working population, and increasingly experience the freedom to do with their lives whatever they wish. However, to some very real degree such exploitation persists and is both made visible and perpetuated by the modern mass media. Today women are exploited by many various forms of media, from film and television to print and advertising; they are consistently confined to traditional roles or used purely as sexualized objects. Because of this exploitation, women become further entrapped by old stereotypes (such as those suggesting that a woman's place is in the kitchen

The importance of morality is a shared theme in Lorraine Hansberry's play, A Raisin in the Sun and Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. Both stories emphasize this theme through racial tension that the characters encounter. Additionally, each story focuses on hope that reaches to overcome prejudice despite difficulty. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Tom Robinson becomes the victim of prejudice that ultimately destroys his life. His circumstance is significant because it effects many characters in the story. Tom is wrongfully accused of rape, yet he is a black man living in a society that judges individuals by the color of their skin. Atticus displays strong moral character when he teaches his children that racism in any amount is wrong. He explains to Jem that whenever a white man does something like what Mayella and her father did to Tom, that man, "no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash" (Lee 220). Furthermore, he tries to expose the ugliness of racism

As the world's population has grown it has become increasingly concentrated in large urban areas. The extent to which urbanization impacts the ecosystems of these cities is an important emerging area of study. Access to nature is vital to the physical, mental, emotional and social health of humans and their communities. Our increasing urbanization is depriving current and future generations of exposure to functional, productive green space, contributing to rising crime, violence, social alienation, poverty, hunger, and other individual and community-level dysfunctions (Kuo, 2001). This session will examine the effects of urbanization on Chicago, an older developed city. While it may seem strange to use the term "ecosystem" when discussing a major city, but urban ecosystems exist around the country (PBS, 2003). An urban ecosystem is the community of plants, animals, and humans that inhabit the urban environment. It is an area physically dominated by man- made structure