The intent of this paper is to define what usability testing is, its value to e-commerce, and define the processes and techniques by which companies conduct and complete usability testing. The concept of usability testing centers on making both products and software more intuitive and easier to use, with the latter area dominating the research in this area mainly as a result of computer systems designers not taking into account the user-centered perspective in their system designs. Good (1998) has defined software usability engineering as a structured approach to building software systems that meet the needs of users in various environments with varying levels of computer experience. Usability testing is also going through a transformation globally as international standards get reflected in website design, web page design, software applications, and increasingly in Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and cellular phones.

1. Background Negotiation is one of the most important elements of the economic activity and the management's ability of being good negotiators is a key element for a business' successful outcome. The process of negotiation is generally regarded as a means of resolving disputes between two or more parties, each of them trying to gain as much as possible from the dispute. "The essential quality of negotiation is the existence of two parties who share an important objective but have some significant differences. The purpose of the negotiating conference is that of seeking to compromise the differences. As pointed out, the "outcome of the negotiating conference may be a compromise satisfactory to both sides, a standoff (failure to reach a satisfactory compromise) or a standoff with an agreement to try again at a later time."1 Directly linked to negotiation, the ability of making the right decisions is yet another key element of the economic activity. In the

Identification of the Issue: AIDS/HIV is a major chronic illness today and even though it's no longer a medical emergency, it is seriously affecting lives of 40 million people around the world. (Britton, 2006) The work concern of individuals with AIDS is an important issue to discuss. The reasons being that while people with HIV were once seen as a medical crisis but that is no longer the case with longer life expectancy and improved quality of life. When AIDS was still a major and rather unexpected discovery at workplaces in the US, patients were viewed as emergencies and most were told to retire and enjoy the remaining few years of their lives. However that has changed dramatically with better drugs and treatments, which have helped in the improvement of medical condition and life expectancy. The individuals with HIV are living longer now and their career concerns are as real as that of anyone else. That alone explains why this issue is an important one and must be carefully

An ethical dilemma related to HR that a friend faced with their employer was difficult to resolve because there were no trained HR professionals at the site, and this led to a lack of understanding of problems and issues. It was a small organization without an HR department. The situation was ethically challenging because one of the managers favored interns, because she had been an intern herself, and felt interns were treated unfairly. Thus, interns were allowed privileges that sometimes were greater than the long-term full-time employees had. For example, if an intern and a full-time employee requested the same day off, often the intern would get the day and the full-time employee would not. My friend became frustrated with the situation and attempted to talk to the director of the company, but the director and the manager were friends, and socialized during off hours, and the director would not respond to my friend's concerns. It was here that my friend felt the ethical dilemm

Perhaps no other team game in the world can even rival the popularity of football, or "soccer" as it is known in the United States. Almost every culture has different recognizable versions of this game, and the game itself has been played throughout history. This prevalence makes it difficult for historians to pinpoint a geographic origin for the game, but researchers are also struck by the similarity of the game across different cultures. This paper is an overview of soccer. The first part of this paper looks at the history and development of soccer. The next part is a description of the rules and mechanics of soccer. In the final section, this paper discusses the reasons behind the worldwide popularity of soccer, as well as the sport's growing appeal here in the United States. A brief history of soccer Various incarnations of football or soccer can be traced back for almost 3000 years, in cultures around the world. In 1004 BC, for example, Japanese players pa

The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov is all about forces of change, resistance to change and supremacy of future over the past. If studied carefully the play is more of a comedy than a tragedy since it deals with ridiculous beliefs of people that makes them remain stuck in the past. The cherry orchard tree represents the past and the bygones. It is a symbol of old values and traditions, which had to be replaced by more modern values as times changed. But the owner of the house, Lubov Andreyevna Ranevsky refuses to accept change and wants to stay with the house and its cherry orchard. The play opens with the jubilation that was generated by the news of Ranevsky's return from Paris where she had had a sordid affair with an abusive person. She is returning with her daughter Anya and the play progresses we notice that Ranevsky has lost a great deal of money in Paris and is good amount of debt.

Organizational theory forms the foundation for decision making and problem solving in the realm of business management. It may be argued that the effectiveness and success of business operations is fundamentally tied to leadership quality of the organization. The ease, efficiency and profitability with which a business functions relies on factors tied in with structural organization on several levels including top-management personnel, share-holders, executives, and employees. Several theories have been posited throughout history that attempted to conceptualize the nature of organization and how it relates to business. These theories demonstrate the important role that organizations, and thus businesses, play in society and provide a basis from which leadership, decision making and problem solving within the business context can take place. Hinings and Greenwood (2002) investigated the history behind the study of organization and focused in on two factors. The first factor was

Grief and loss, like death, are irrevocably part of human life. It is something even children experienced in a greater or lesser form, whether through the death of a pet, a family member, or changes such as divorce or relocation. Because no person is exempt from this often devastating truth, it is essential to develop strategies to help cope with grief. The best way to accomplish this is to study the phenomenon and how it manifests itself in different age, ethnic, cultural and gender groups. Once such an understanding is reached, targeted strategies can be developed to help specific persons handle the grief and loss in their lives. The Nature of Grief and Loss As mentioned above, loss manifests itself in a number of ways, each with its concomitant intensity and devastation. According to Linda Saxon Nix, the result is almost always grief to a greater or lesser extent. Because loss is never planned, the ensuing feelings of grief are experienced as devastating and overwhelming.

Because of the shift in population demographics and the aging babyboomers, increasing number of studies are being conducted on the sexuality of midlife and senior individuals. Many of the studies being researched show that men and women confront physical and psychological challenges in their 50s, such as menopause for women and midlife crisis for men. However, those who are able to work through these either by themselves or with professional help continue to have healthy sexual lives. It is only in recently that "mature sexuality" is beginning to surface as a public issue that healthcare professionals are facing with growing numbers of patients. American society's views toward sexuality and patterns of sexual behavior are undergoing major changes and interest in sexual behavior is increasingly about the older generations as well as young (Lacy 22). The availability of new pharmaceuticals to help problems associated with sexuality and aging are also enhancing the older Americans&apo

The rising demand for women's equality began to take shape in the middle of the nineteenth century and continues as a transformative force today (Brown 1993). Early on, American feminists mobilized to abolish discrimination that legally subordinated women to men and basically made a mockery of the nation's claim to be a community of equals (Brown 1993). Success came when the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1920, and over time the right to vote became a reality for all women, as poll taxes and other racial restrictions were eliminated, thus today women exercise the franchise on an equal footing with men (Brown 1993). In 1923, the Supreme Court struck down a Washington, D.C. minimum wage law that applied only to women (Brown 1993). Adkins v. Children&a

Historically, there have been three major concerns regarding custody litigation and public policies governing foster care and adoption by lesbian and gay parents. One is that lesbians and gay men are mentally ill, two is that lesbians are less maternal than heterosexual women, and three that lesbians' and gay men's relationship with sexual partners interfere with parent-child interactions (Patterson 2007). However, there is no empirical evidence that any of these assertions are true. Research suggests that lesbian and gay parents divide household and family labor relatively evenly and that they report satisfaction with their couple relationships (Patterson 2007). Moreover, some studies indicate that lesbian mothers' and gay fathers' parenting skills may be

There is no federal juvenile justice system in America but rather separate systems for each state. The system in New York State is both typical in many of its facets and unique to New York in certain respects. The system is seen as overburdened and as facing new levels of violence in the streets so that the sorts of crimes with which the system must cope are more serious than in earlier periods. The system, which has been based on a rehabilitation model, has also been seen as ineffective, and new approaches have been suggested in legislation. The basic procedures for a juvenile justice system begin with a referral by a school official, parent, or guardian or by apprehension by the police. The case is first evaluated by the court intake officer to decide what further action is necessary. In a serious case, the juvenile offender might be held in a correction facility pending resolution of the case or be sent to an alternative placement facility, which would include a shelter, a group

Like Margaret, Hulga is intelligent to an extreme degree. My cousin also has a Ph.D., which sometimes makes her insufferable. And she has no wooden leg to excuse her! Hulga once says to her mother, "Woman! Do you ever look inside? Do you ever look inside and see what you are not? God!" Of course the poor, simple Mrs. Hopewell is utterly taken aback by this. Her indulgent behavior however does little to remedy matters, but of course there is the leg. Margaret on the other hand, has both beauty, intelligence, a reasonable promise of longevity and a very cozy job at a leading university. Her Ph.D. is not in philosophy, but in French literature. This could however also be quite a philosophical field, and she once tried to cite Racine and Voltaire at us. Like Mrs. Hopewell, Margaret's parents are also unfortunately kind to her and indulges her every intellectual whim. This is by contrast not because they pity her, but because they love to show her off. Another co

In his book, Paul Wegner (2004) first considers the doctrines of revelation and inspiration, the general contents of the Old and the New Testaments, and the relationship between the old and the new covenants. Then he discusses the historical processes behind the gathering of Biblical texts and the factors, which influenced and settled the issue of canonicity between the Jewish and Christian communities. This part of his book also introduces textual criticism and compares manuscripts with divergent readings. The next part surveys early translations of the Hebrew and Greek texts. The book concludes with a detailed study of the English versions of the Bible, including recent translations and paraphrases (Wegner). The Bible has been viewed as really a history of the Jews (Jadczyk 2001), deriving from Yahweh, Elohim, Deuteronomy, priestly sources and a final editor who put these inputs together and added his own touches. Some conjectured from evidence that the Elohim version was writ

I am so glad that I live in the 21st century where as a woman; I could live the life I want and be the person I want to be. But it took generations and centuries for women to be emancipated from the clutches of a paternalistic or patriarchal society. Truth be said, women in some countries around the world are still in the 17th century with how they are treated by their own societies or religion that they believe in for that matter. Written and published at the close of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, The Yellow Wallpaper tells of an unnamed female narrator and her doctor husband renting a colonial mansion for three months in order for her to get well from her "supposedly mental disorder." She was given a room on the upper floor despite her wanting a room downstairs and the room she occupied had a yellow wallpaper and, "This wall-paper has a kind of sub-pattern in a, different shade, a particularly irritating o

Introduction There are many aspects like looks, intelligence, personality, dress sense etc help define in understanding a person out of which personality is considered most important because other aspects change frequently while personality usually does not change as often. There are different personality traits associated with each one of us. Some people are talkative while some are quiet. Some people may be very organized while others could be carefree. It is these different personality traits that land us in different jobs that we do. In order to judge our personality traits experts have devised different tests and assessment methods. The most primitive method of testing a personality can be found in astrology, both Chinese and Western, using the date and hour of birth of a person. Depending on planets, angles and house positions at birth astrologers have divided personalities into twelve divergent main types or signs. Apart from birth signs Enneagram is another ancient method

Introduction: Dr. Carl R. Rogers was born in the year 1902 in the state of Illinois. He graduated in 1924 from the University of Wisconsin, and received his Masters Degree in 1928 from Columbia University. He then went on to get a Ph.D. in psychotherapy from Columbia University in 1931. Almost a decade later Carl Rogers, applied for and got the position, as a professor at the Ohio State University where he continued teaching till the year 1945. At the end of that term, in the same year, he started teaching psychology at the University of Chicago and was appointed as the managing attendant at the Counseling Center. He was also given a high managerial position at the University of Wisconsin in 1957 for the faculties of psychology and psychiatry. One of the most lasting and important contributions by Carl Rogers was probably in the field of "Humanistic Psychology" in the shape of the client-centered therapy; in fact, this later in his life became the main school of thought f

1. Task roles influence the appropriate communication style needed. This truth is reflected in the concept of "situational communication styles," in which leaders select the best communication style for the situation at hand (Curtis). For example, in a task-oriented environment such as a factory, where the tasks are all related to physical activities that must be accomplished, the best communication style is an asymmetrical one where the leader does most of the talking so that he can teach skills to the workers or give them needed direction (Curtis). In a situation where the tasks are more dependent upon an equal exchange between the leader and the workers, such as in a think tank or problem-solving m

It is difficult to find anyone else besides those involved with the present administration who is supporting this decision whole-heartedly. Even those, such as Ferenczy (2004), who looked at both the pros and cons of the situation, say the cons are much greater. President Bush began endorsing privatization during his first presidential election campaign The President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security demonstrates the federal government's Thrift Savings Plan for how privatization has positively worked. The Commission notes that the rates of return of employee funds for the 1990s ranged from 6.7 to 17.9 percent. Other advantage: Because Social Security benefits are not related to the amount of contributions made by an employee, they discourage savings. A privatized system turns workers' attention to the value of saving. This will also stimulate the economy. Another benefit could be the ability to transfer unused Social Security savings to future generations. Ferenczy, however, says these advantages

When hearing the word "diversity," one normally does not think about senior centers or nursing homes. However, with the growing diversity in the United States, these places are becoming as multicultural and schools and other public locations. This 90-minute presentation on diversity of senior citizens would start out with having the individuals who are in the audience look at their diversity. Ask qu

Life course perspective can be gained through examining how the elderly keep themselves active. In a study by Hinterlong (2006), productive engagement activities include formal and irregular paid employment, caregiving, volunteering, and informal social assistance. He wanted to determine the relationship of productive engagement to the health and observed health of older African American and whites and believed that "the relevance of race to productive engagement is best considered from a life course perspective." This study analyzed data from the 1986, 1989, and 1994 Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) survey. There were 494 black and 1,150 white respondents at wave 1. The sample decreased to 1,195 by wave 3, with 336 African Americans and 859 whites surviving. The Likert scale measured self-rated health and an index of activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) measured functional status. Analysis was conducted by generalized estimat

By now, most people know that the whole world is becoming older. They just have to look around and see for themselves. Global life expectancy in 1950 was only 47 years of age. Today that same number throughout the world has risen to 66 years. In the U.S. it is 77 at birth, and people turning 65 can expect to live another 18 years. This longevity trend, as a result of improved health care, diet and standard of living, is now taking place in most parts of the world. According to The World Bank, over one billion people or 16 percent of the world's population will turn 60 years old or older by 2030. In addition, as birth rates continue to fall throughout the world, by 2050, the number of elderly aged 65 to 84 is expected to be three times as great, and older people will outnumber children for the first time in recorded history. This demographic seismic shift is known as global aging (Novelli, 2004). The baby boomers generation is helping spur on this growth by

Going to a Cardinals game is an experience that combines a number of appeals for the attendee. Some of the most enjoyable parts of the experience are intangible-the thrill of the game, being part of a huge crowd that is rooting for your team, and the vicarious excitement of being part of the action. When I go to a ballgame, I'm paying for the opportunity to participate in an event. Along with that participation come various amenities associated with attending a game, such as experiencing the behavior of the fans, getting the hot dogs and other stadium foods, being seated in the sta

Film is a relatively new art form, though it is solidly based in other forms, like writing, theater and painting. Some people see it as a uniquely different form of expression, while others see it as an extension of other forms, especially narrative. Criticizing film is a very recent phenomenon, and potential critics are testing all possible avenues of criticism and methods of analysis. Laura Mulvery tried in her essay Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinemato base a feminist analysis of film in Sigmund Freud's theories of penis envy and sexual deviation. The problem of analyzing the film "Some Like it Hot" in relation to Laura Mulvey's writing is that she does not prove her point very well in her essay. Her stated point is to prove that psychoanalytic theory can be used to demonstrate the way the unconscious of (our) patriarchal society has structured film form. (Gehring, Wes 1988 p 297) While this is certainly a provable theory, Mulvey does not prove it. In fact, i

Dictionaries describe a hero as: 1 a man of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities and 2. a person who, in the opinion of others, has heroic qualities or has performed a heroic act and is regarded as a model or ideal: He was a local hero when he saved the drowning child. The foundation of the word hero has much to say about the concepts of literary heroes, such as those found in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The unlikely nature of the heroes in the work is important to the messages of the work, and the surprise of who really is the hero, not the main character but the protector and black man who is denigrated throughout, Jim. The work opens with two mischievous boys perpetrating a late night escape from their homes and almost getting caught by Jim. When they are waiting out the old black man they hide in the bushes with Jim close by waiting to hear them again so he can respond to whatever is happening outside. (Twai