Throughout the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century Humanity was facing times of great new ideas that will significantly influence history. The social conflict between the "haves" and the "have nots" escalated into a sharp collision in the 18th century and resulted in the ...

From ancient times until well into the nineteenth century, people were often considered subjects (not citizens) of their states and countries. The people wanted to see a change, which is why socialism was discovered. Socialism focused its aim on economic, political, and social justice for all people...

Life changed dramatically for 17th and 18th century Europeans, as a result of major social, political, and philosophical transformations. Following the Reformation, the authority and dominance of the Catholic Church were already being questioned and severely criticized. This in turn contributed ...

Industrial revolution marked a momentous turning point in human history. The Industrial Revolution created, first in Great Britain and then in continental Europe and North America, a growing and tremendously dynamic economic system. In the course of the 19th century, that system was extended across...

After WWII, there was an iron curtain dividing eastern and western Europe. And there were also two superpowers left standing, the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States dominated in western Europe while the Soviet Union dominated in eastern Europe. Tensions grew between the two superp...

Dear friend,This semester I am taking a history class called "History of East Europe". Even though, as you know, I am from Greece, and I have lived there most of my life, I see that I know very little about my neighbor countries and their recent history. It is interesting and at the same time sad ...

The Communist World and the Free World were two kinds of economic and political camps existing in 1985. At the center of these camps were two nations, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics who followed the principals of communism, and the United States of America with the belief in Capitalism and...

There are three main schools of thought that trace the origins of the Cold War. The Orthodox view is that "the intransigence of Leninist ideology, the sinister dynamics of a totalitarian society, and the madness of Stalin" (Doc 1) cause the Cold War. The Revisionists claim that "Ameri...

The Warsaw Pact of 1955 The Warsaw Pact of 1955 was an alliance of countries similar to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization of 1949. These countries which were subjugated by the communist regime of the Soviet Union which included: People's Republic of Albania, the People's Republic of Bulgaria...

The Cold War lasted for over half a century, and many different factors fuelled the battle. All three major nations that were involved helped to escalate the Cold War farther. The Soviet's actions in Eastern Europe, American, perhaps too aggressive actions against Soviet expansion, and Churchill and...

The two journals that I chose to use for my reviews were History and Theory: Studies in the Philosophy of History published at Wesleyan University, and Renaissance Forum. I will be looking at two reviews of historical Books written about two very different places and themes.The first Book entitled ...

Challenging Traditional European Beliefs There were many people who came along in Europe who tried to change the way people thought about different beliefs. Some ideas were quiet successful in getting across to peoples' minds and some were rejected for being too ridiculous. But there wer...

The shocking fall of communism in Eastern and central Europe in the late eighties was remarkable for both it's rapidity and its scope. In each of the nations, the communist regimes in power were forces to transfer that power to radically different institutions than they were accustomed to. Democracy...

The Reign of Terror " War is necessary to men, and is more natural to them than peace." In this quote by Anatole France, we realize why we as people want war. It is necessary and is more common then peace. How many countries in the present world have not used war, terror, or means other ...

War: Why wars occur Most wars result from a combination of causes. Three of the most common causes are conflicts over resources, clashing ideologies, and struggles over power. Conflicts over resources are the most basic and enduring causes of war. Resources include land, minerals, energy sou...

The Cold War The Cold War was an extended conflict between the western states, which were led by the United States, and the communist states that were led by the Soviet Union. The Cold War lasted forty-five years from 1945 to 1990. The Cold war had economical, political, and ideological ...

In 1938, a summit with Hitler, called the Munich Conference, took place. This meeting was in concerns with Germany's occupation in Czechoslovakia. The Western leaders agreed to divide Czechoslovakia with the promise that Hitler would take no more land. France and England were in hopes to co...

Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Proletarians-the working class intended to "haunt" Europe and seize control of it. For these people as well as all the other European socialist and communist parties in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Th...

NIXON, KISSINGER, AND THE WORLDThe war in Vietnam was a dismal backdrop for Nixon and his plans for world affairs, and a new international order. Nixon believed that it was of utmost importance to adapt to the new "multipolar" world(international structure, in which China, Japan, and Western Europe ...

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the movement in which machines changed people's way of life as well as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, English People began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the ma...

The events surrounding the rise of Stalin in the Soviet Union and the rise of dictators like Mussolini and Hitler in Europe proved to be a defining mark of the 1930\'s and early 1940\'s. As such, these dynamic figures ushered in a new era in which the West was brought face to face with words such a...

Capitalism can be simply defined as an economic system, marked by open competition in a free market, in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned, and development is proportionate to increasing accumulation and reinvestment of profits. However, capitalism tend...

U.S. - Soviet Relations The beginning of the Cold War between U.S. and Russia caused a major polarization across the World. Countries like Korea, Vietnam and Germany were split in half-one half would be democratic and the other communist. The fight for the sphere of influence became mmore of a ...

Communism Communism is a term that has several meanings. According to Frederick Engels, communism is the doctrine of the conditions of the liberation of the proletariat(Engels). It can be a form of government, an economic system, a revolutionary movement, or a way of life. Communism is also a ...

During the Nineteenth Century different ideologies emerged about politics, freedom, business ownership and life in general. Many events were spurred by clashes between supporters of each idea and these clashes forced many people to step forward and support their beliefs. Two of the main ideas that...