The word \"medieval\" came about when early scholars combined the two Latin words medium (middle) and aevum (age), which means the transition between ancient and modern times. The first 500 years of this period are the Early Middle Ages or the Dark Ages. They were called the Dark Ages because learni...

Exogenous factor shaping economic growth continent wide was the great power conflict. Countries falling for geographical and other reasons within the U.S. and Soviet spheres of influence felt strong pressure to adopt the same form of economic organization as their dominant partner. And how they orga...

Scholars have been debating Europe's rise to power for centuries. In the earliest history, it was due to God's will. Then, many promoted the race theory. Now, the argument comes down to a combination of environment and culture says Harvard historian David Landes. He argues that argues in his books W...

The Industrial RevolutionIt has, been variously called the "Western Miracle" (Rosenberg and Birdzell 42) and the "European Miracle," (Jones) but it is commonly known as the Industrial Revolution. Subsequent to the Middle Ages, populations in Western Europe began developing technology that enhanced ...

The Industrial RevolutionIt has, been variously called the "Western Miracle" (Rosenberg and Birdzell 42) and the "European Miracle," (Jones) but it is commonly known as the Industrial Revolution. Subsequent to the Middle Ages, populations in Western Europe began developing technology that enhanced ...

The CrusadesDuring the Dark Ages, Muslim influence spread throughout Africa and Eastern Europe. The quick spread caused Christians to become more and more fearful of Muslim invasion. As new Turk leaders limited pilgrimages to the Holy Land and the Byzantine Empire became more susceptible to attack...

World market economies are comprised of two different types of markets. Those markets are free market economy and planned market economy. Free market economy is an economic system which resolves the basic economic problem through the market mechanism. Planned market economy is an economic system w...

Until fairly recently, the middle ages have been recognized as a period of social and economic stagnation. The humanists of the Renaissance, whose ideal was inspired by the antique civilization, considered the medieval world as a period of darkness and influenced greatly the biased perception of fut...

Food safety is an issue that has plagued the food service industry since its beginnings. Although distributors as well as consumers have done an excellent job at curbing the issue, still there are issues that are simply "Inescapable". Many problems with food are associated directly with the envir...

Is political participation in Europe increasing, declining, or simply changing? Over the years, the word of voter apathy, of people getting tired of politics, consistently has gone round in the media. It is argued that voter abstention proves that politics today is too complex, and too inflexible...

Euro Currency Markets The international foreign exchange market is considered to be the largest world wide market having an estimated currency trade of $1.9 trillion per day. Such trading on an average per annum is estimated to constitute about ten times the global GDP traded. The share of foreign ...

Changing Economies The mentality of today's worker focuses on not only providing what is necessary to survive for their own life as well as that of their family, but also thrives for a life of luxury and comfort. Society today is based upon principles that promote a strong work ethic that buys us co...

Many believe that the sole contributor to the outbreak of war, was when Gacrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austrio-hungarian throne, Archduke Ferdinand. However, I disagree with this hypothesis, and prepose that the war was caused by a number of complex and interwoven factors, which I will...

Music has been a great influence in the lives of many people for many years and is constantly changing. Music has been divided into six periods: Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, and Twentieth Century.The Medieval period was the longest and most distant period of musical history and consist...

The Immigrants Experience In America1.During the peak period of the pre-Civil War immigration, from 1847 through 1857, 3.3 million immigrants entered the United States; 1.3 million were from Ireland and 1.1 million came from the German States. Most immigrants came essentially because of poor economi...

An Argument For Gun ControlIt has seemed as if Americans have always had an obsession with owning guns. With the laws allowing U.S. citizens the right to bear arms, they have always been quick to take advantage of it and scoff at anyone who tries to interfere. Yet one might wonder why someone woul...

Although there is much debate now on the issue of capital punishment it was not always like this. For most of recorded history capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, has been available to every government. Capital punishment was not restricted to just murder and other serious crimes ...

The Truman Doctrine's Impact in Cold War StrategyBy the middle of the twentieth century's fifth decade, the world had been jolted by two catastrophic wars; a seven- year economic disaster and the recognition that weapons of mass destruction existed. Where blood had been spilled through hand to hand...

The Greenhouse Effect is a naturally occurring process that has occurred on Earth for millions of years. For ages it has helped to keep the temperature of our planet much warmer than it would otherwise be- about sixty degrees warmer than it would otherwise be. Thanks to the Greenhouse Effect, living...

What exactly is a just war? These two words seem to form an oxymoron. War is usually thought of as a type of hostile conflict, which would therefore make war seem unjust. Throughout history, there have been many different broad interpretations of what exactly makes a war just. St. Augustine was ...

Do prison's work?Prison life is mostly a continuous repetition of the same day, over and over again. Finding a purpose and a meaning beyond "punishment" can be a struggle. Often people are not in prison long enough to discover anything worthwhile beyond a new set of criminal alliances. Or people end...

The Renaissance in SpainWhen the new colonies were formed in the New World, it brought a great deal of wealth and prosperity to Spain. The immense resources in North and South America were being exploited; this trade was controlled from the Iberian Peninsula. Charles of Spain, later became Emperor...

There is no way to divide the world into 'us' and 'them' and still avoid conflict between the two groups, yet this is how the world has been seen through the eyes of some for much of history. People try to define themselves by that which they are not, and in the case of the Orient, these people saw...