The phrase, "Monkey See, Monkey Do!" takes on connotations of reality with
the discovery (or at least, the conjecture) of mirror neurons. Mirror
neurons were first identified in the frontal lobes (pre-motor cortex area
or Broca's area) in monkeys. Broca's area is the center in the brain
associated with the expressive and syntactic aspects of language in humans.
Giaccamo Rizzollati and co-workers made the discovery of mirror neurons.
Mirror neurons are identified as potentially important from an
evolutionary standpoint. Scientists have identified them as the key to the
evolution of our cognitive and language abilities. The problem as it
exists is that the human (or primate) brain attained its size with all the
attendant genetics more than 250,000 years ago. However, our ability to
create language, music and establish evolved cultures have come after our
brains were fully developed. This means that the above-mentioned abilities
were present in the human brain, but were latent. This would go against
Darwin's theory of evolution, which suggests that only expressed genes (and
not latent ones) evolve. V. S. Ramachandran suggests that a specific
facility was expressed in a specific direction by accident. Then mirror
neurons took over and that particular facility was "nurtured," it evolved
and developed, and became commonplace (Ramachandran, 2003).
Mirror neurons were discovered when these neurons were shown to fire
not only when monkeys performed a specific activity (grasping, tugging,
pulling and holding) but also fired when the monkey, not performing that
activity, watched another monkey performed it. The functioning of mirror
neurons indicates that it could explain why the human cognitive ability
works. The most important function of mirror neurons is therefore in the
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