As with most epic tales, Beowulf explores the nature of heroism. Written
anonymously in Old English, the poem narrates the adventures and successes
of a warrior named Beowulf, who earns himself fame and respect by slaying
demons for a Danish kingdom. The poem exhibits the ethics of heroism,
including loyalty toward the kingdom and a willingness to place other
people's safety above one's own. Beowulf demonstrates the power of
heroism through three main components: reputation, pride, and fearlessness
Because heroes are afforded so much respect, Beowulf's good reputation
demonstrates the power of heroism. In the poem's prologue, the narrator
provides some background information about the titular character: "Famed
was this Beowulf: far flew the boast of him," (line 18). Even before he
was summoned to kill Grendel for Danish King Hrothgar, Beowulf's reputation
preceded him. He was summoned by Hrothgar because of his reputation as a
warrior and also because Beowulf's father had a good name for himself. A
known warrior, Beowulf's fame increases greatly throughout the tale, as he
valiantly slays Grendel and Grendel's mother. After he dies, it is clear
that Beowulf will be remembered as being practically superhuman.
Although pride is often portrayed as a tragic flaw in epic poetry,
Beowulf's pride does not cause his downfall; in fact, his bravado enhances
the power of heroism in the tale. A perfect example of how his pride
serves Beowulf well is during his initial encounter with Grendel. Wanting
to show off his expertise, Beowulf refuses to take up arms against the
swamp beast: "We both this night shall spurn the sword, if he seek me here,
unweaponed, for war," (lines 683-4). While it seems that Beowulf's
machismo in refusing to don armor could lead to him being harmed, it in
fact bolsters his reputation and increases his chance of future success.
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