There are a number of companies which have instituted affirmative
             action programs in an effort to end discrimination of women and minorities.
             It is interesting to examine whether these programs are appropriate forms
             Affirmative active "provides some consideration of a person's race,
             gender, or ethnicity in making decisions for selection, promotion,
             retention, or other personnel action. It is necessarily a group-directed
             process since its purpose is not to identify victims of past exclusion, but
             to engage in future-directed conduct that will result in greater inclusion
             of underrepresented groups (Gullett)." Affirmative action is used to
             either diversify an organization or to remediate discrimination.
             While affirmative action can be beneficial since an applicant can not
             be refused a job due to gender, race or ethnicity, many qualified
             applicants are overlooked for the same reason, resulting in reverse
             discrimination. Reverse discrimination can result in lawsuits when a less
             qualified applicant is given a position due to race, gender or ethnic
             quotas, instead of one who has higher credentials.
             Affirmative action is used to prevent discrimination in a number of
             organizations, however it can backfire in some situations, resulting in
             reverse discrimination. An organization should not look at race, gender or
             ethnicity in any case when considering applicants, nor should it feel
             obliged to hire someone just to fill a specific quota. It is crucial that
             all positions be filled based on one's qualifications alone, in order to
             prevent any form of discrimination or reverse discrimination.
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