John Stuart Mill theorized the 'principle of utility' or 'the
greatest happiness principle'; which sought for the systematic coherency of
ethical philosophy through the consequences of actions. He believed that
this principle was the primary consideration determining social morality,
presupposed by the acquisition of happiness as opposed to the avoidance of
For Mill, morality is an externalized process that is dependent on
action and reaction to behaviors and, or, consequences. The shared beliefs
of society determine the "rightness' or 'wrongness' of the action in order
to set the laws and the ethical standards of society. In the second
chapter of Utilitarianism, Mill describes the motivation for moral behavior
as "The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the
Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as
they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse
of happiness" (Internet source). By happiness is intended pleasure, and
the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure.
The moral standard set up by Mill's includes the ideas of pain and
pleasure; and to what extent this is left an open question. But these
supplementary explanations do not affect the theory of life on which this
theory of morality is grounded- namely, that pleasure, and freedom from
pain, are the only things desirable as ends; and that all desirable things
(which are as numerous in the utilitarian as in any other scheme) are
desirable either for the pleasure inherent in themselves, or as means to
the promotion of pleasure and the prevention of pain (Mill Internet
In his principle of utility, Mill has set the definitions and
parameters of the individual's conceptualization of societal structure
within a foundation that is easily understood and evaluated against
historical data. He provide...