The subject of critical thinking has occupied central position in debates
concerning education, cognitive development and personality formation. For
this reason, the term critical thinking has repeatedly been defined taking
into consideration new research and new findings. However no specific or
unanimously accepted definition of critical thinking is available, making
the comprehension and learning of critical thinking a rather difficult
task. The increasing important of critical thinking however makes it
impossible to ignore the term and or its impact on learning and
intellectual development and for this reason; we shall discuss various
differing definitions of critical thinking. We shall focus on the
definitions from early 20th century to recent times in order to see the
differences that have occurred and the similarities that remained in the
definitions of this term over the decades. John Dewey was one of the early
thinkers to develop and present a sound definition of critical thinking. To
him critical thinking was reflective thinking' which he defined as:
"Active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or
supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it
and the further conclusions to which it tends" (Dewey, 1909, p.9)
This definition is considered the mother of all definitions because we
notice that most subsequent definitions borrowed heavily from the Dewey's
ground rules of critical thinking. In this definition, critical thinking
was compared with traditional normal thinking that we mostly engage in and
the thinker makes it clear that compared to conventional thinking style,
critical thinking was an active process. It was active because in this
case, the subject himself is actively involved in evaluation of information
Dewey's definition was widely accepted for a long time, in 1941, Edward
Glaser came up with anther important de...