Before addressing and comparing the Likert and Thurstone scales, we
must first briefly discuss two conceptual elements: attitudes and scaling
We must agree that an attitude, because of its psychological
dimension, is hard to evaluate. We have no problem in measuring physical
characteristics of a person, like height and weight, to which a numerical
attribute can be easily associated, however, a psychological dimension is
harder to measure. How can this be done' According to Hogg & Vaughan, we
can measure a person's attitude by "asking questions about thoughts,
feelings, and likely actions toward the attitude object". In this sense,
each person's opinion can be measured by a numerical score, obtained by
scaling his response and reaction to a certain object. This brings us to
According to S.S. Stevens, "scaling is the assignment of objects to
numbers according to a rule". From this point of view, the objects are
represented by text statements (attitude text statements to be more
precise). In order to address this, we have to solve the problem of the
scale's dimensionality that is the number of dimensions. To exemplify
this, height can be considered a unidimensional concept: the concept of
height can be associated with one single number. Psychological concepts
can however be more complex and several dimensions may need to be
addressed, but this is not the case here. We will be discussing two
unidimensional scales: the Thurstone or Equal- Appearing Interval Scaling
and the Likert or the Summative Scaling.
The Likert scale associates with each concept a number of possible
reactions, from Agree (or Strongly Agree) with the concept to Disagree (or
Strongly Disagree). In general, there is a mid-way element on the scale
that can be labeled Neutral or Undecided, but most Likert scale will tend
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