This is a critical global concern. Although for some countries it has more
concerns that other countries. The reasons are that within any country,
with the liberalization of trade, many of the traditional jobs such as
manufacturing have been displaced to other countries (Brewer and Young,
2000). No doubt that liberalization of trade brings some sort of equality
between different countries, but also creates havoc on the families who
loose their jobs. And most countries are likely to make minimal efforts to
compensate the losers. Such domestic conflicts have long been evident in
the United States in the textile, steel, and automobile industries, but
their importance increases as the pace of globalization accelerates. More
generally, a more open, competitive global economy can be expected to harm
the welfare of low-skilled workers in the industrialized countries.
In my view, the liberalization of trade should be a choice only when
the citizens of that country have enough opportunities for finding other
jobs. Moreover, the country has the responsibility that it provides
sufficient level of skills and knowledge to its citizen for undertaking
more important jobs in the information economy.
The gap between Rich Countries and Poor Countries
Over the span of a century or more, the income gap between the richest and
poorest countries has been widening. In the most recent decades, there are
some countries growing rapidly, such as China, India, and Indonesia.
However, on the balance, little change in the aggregate has taken place.
On the contrary, some countries have become poorer, while rich countries
are getter even richer, increasing the gap between haves and have-nots.
Certainly, there has been an unprecedented rise in living standards in the
period since the end of World War II, associated with the freeing of trade
and payments and most recently foreign direct investment, but the
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