The landmark Miranda v Arizona decision was rooted in the case of
             Ernesto Miranda. On March 13, 1963, a bank worker in Phoenix, Arizona was
             robbed of $8.00. Police suspected and arrested Ernesto Miranda for the
             theft. By this arrest, Miranda already had an extensive arrest record,
             including robbery, burglary, assault and attempted rape and a separate
             During the two hour questioning, Miranda was not offered a lawyer.
             During the interrogation, Miranda confessed to the theft of the $8.00. In
             addition, he also confessed to the kidnapping and the rape of an 18-year-
             old woman 11 days earlier. This confession was the most important piece of
             evidence that eventually led to Miranda's conviction for rape. He was
             Miranda's lawyers appealed the conviction for rape, arguing that
             Miranda did not understand how the Constitution's Fifth Amendment protected
             him from self-incrimination. The appeal was unsuccessful at the Arizona
             Supreme Court and was then heard at the United States Supreme Court. After
             hearing the arguments, the high court reversed the Arizona court's
             decision. Ernesto Miranda was granted a new trial, where his confession
             Despite the lack of a confession, however, Miranda was again convicted
             of rape and kidnapping on the basis of other evidence. After serving 11
             years in jail, Miranda was released on parole in 1972. In 1976, Miranda
             was fatally stabbed during a fight. In an ironic twist, the suspect in
             Miranda's murder was read his "Miranda" rights and chose to exercise his
             The landmark Supreme Court ruling is one of Chief Justice Earl
             Warren's most famous decisions. In ruling for the defendant, the Warren
             court held that defendants who were engaged in a "custodial interrogation"
             like Miranda must be informed of their Fifth Amendment before being
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