If Man can and does evolve, why not computers' Alan Turing, who
             argued that a computer could respond intelligently to a human asking
             questions, believes that the essence of the phenomenal consciousness is
             held within the scientific or computational aspects of biological
             functioning. The first step towards this end is seen in the discovery and
             understanding of cellular automata or CA. "CA are systems in which cells
             that are laid out in a regular spatial grid change color (state) according
             to rules that depend on the color of the cell and its nearest neighbors.
             By applying the same simple rules over and over again, CA can generate a
             wide variety of patterns, some of which are highly symmetric like
             snowflakes, others that appear random, and others that look basically the
             same on all scales (fractals)" (Naiditch 31).
             CA may be explained as being discrete "systems whose behavior is
             specified in terms of a local relation, much like the universe itself.
             (O)bjects that may be interpreted as passive data and objects that may be
             interpreted as computing devices are both assembled out of the same kind of
             structural elements, and subject to the same laws; computation and
             construction are just two possible modes of activity" (Anonymous Internet
             source). The concept of CA was developed by the mathematician John von
             Neumann in the early 1950s "and at least one of Neumann's rather complex
             CA--involving 29 colors--turned out to be universal computers" (Naiditch
             "Cellular processing languages, such as Cellang [Eckart 1992], CARPET
             [Spezzano and Talia 1997], CDL, and CEPROL [Seutter 1985], allow cellular
             algorithms to be described by defining the state of cells as a typed
             variable, or a record of typed variables, and a transition function
             containing the evolution rules of an automaton. Furthermore, they provide
             constructs for the definition of the pattern of the cell neighborhood.
             ...