Many problems face the emergency room staff in their efforts to care
             for a variety of patients with a variety of needs and injuries. One of the
             negative aspects faced in the emergency room is the very real possibility
             of misdiagnosis because of the frenzied environment and the element of time
             are two of the reasons emergency room patients may be misdiagnosed. One
             researcher notes, "For example, an emergency room physician is sometimes
             forced to make a decision on the basis of inadequate patient information.
             Instant information about the patient's medical history, allergies, and
             medications would decrease the incidence of these forced errors" (Bogner
             149). In addition, often the emergency room staff work long shifts, and
             during particularly busy shifts they may become overly tired and more prone
             to make mistakes in diagnosis and treatment. One emergency room failed to
             detect a punctured intestine in an elderly woman, and she collapsed two
             days later with peritonitis. Another failed to x-ray a young mountain
             biking accident victim, and two days later, he collapsed with a broken neck
             (Bogner 57, 151). These are examples of misdiagnosis and treatments that
             could have been prevented, and this is one negative aspect of busy
             emergency rooms, they may simply miss some symptoms, or misdiagnose some
             patients because of time constraints or shoddy information.
             Another negative aspect of emergency care is the overcrowding of many
             emergency rooms, and the long wait patients may have to endure, which can
             actually add to their medical woes. In fact, in 2001, only 3 percent of
             national emergency rooms said they never experienced overcrowding, and the
             problem is expected to get worse for a number of reasons ("Overcrowding,"
             2001). First, there is a nationwide shortage of nurses, and this
             translates into personnel shortages in all areas of the hospital, including
             the emergency room. ...