The nineteenth-century marked an age of radical change during which the arts were affected by revolutions in both science and philosophy. Artists were dramatically affected by these revolutions, as each art style was rapidly superseded by yet a newer style that incorporated the new change. European governments extended their rule to every part of the globe, spreading the influence of European culture into colonies in Africa, the Americas, India, Asia, and Australia, and clearing the way for influences from those areas to flow back to Europe (De La Croix, 1991). As a result, the art of the nineteenth century reflected a wide variety of philosophies rationalizing change and the reactions to change. In addition to these revolutions, artists were also affected by new influences, such as the advent of photography, produced print, and printed reproduction. Therefore, the collective techniques of an industrial age forced nineteenth-century artists to analyze their function and to study closely the physical nature of their medium. This paper will analyze the manner in which new influences affected the art of the late nineteenth century, including the effects brought about by the advent of photography, and will conclude with a brief summary of the art style of this age.
             Since artists in the nineteenth century were confronted with new innovations, their individual artistic styles and works changed with the times. These artists found themselves using the elements of line, shape, and color to represent their private world, the realm of imagination and feeling. The nineteenth-century began with the Neoclassical art movement, a severe, unemotional form of art that traced back to the style of ancient Greece and Rome. It was a combination of aesthetic attitudes and principles based on the culture, art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, and characterized by an emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restrained emotion. Roma...