Gang violence presents one of the most significant crime problems in the United States. It is however hardly a recent problem. Indeed, according to Johnson & Muhlhausen (2005), the phenomenon has been a part of American urban life since as early as the American Revolution. Gang violence can range from crimes as petty as thieving and robbery to more major criminal activities such as drug and arms trafficking, as well as alien smuggling, armed robbery and murder. Indeed, so serious is the problem in some states that authors such as Johnson & Muhlhausen warn of threats to public security. There are various reasons for the establishment and thriving of gangs, and concomitantly a variety of solutions are offered to curb the problem.
             Globalization is noted as one of the culprits in the success of gang activity in the United States (Johnson & Muhlhausen, 2005). Indeed, the authors note that groups established in Los Angeles some 20-40 years ago now thrive as a result of their links to Mexico and Central America. Some of these groups are as large as 130,000 to 300,000 members. The problem is also increasingly arising in small towns throughout the United States, according to the authors. Today's online information systems make it easy to obtain information regarding gangs, their members, and their activities.
             Solutions offered for the gang problem range from governmental interventions to family education. Domestic anti-gang policies are for example suggested, along with migration reforms. Time and space for gang-related activities limited by offering alternative school and youth programs, is another suggestion. The government should also more clearly coordinate its activities with its neighbors such as Mexico and Central America; with the understanding that these connections worsen the condition in the United States. Other suggestions relate to the family and school environment. In the family context, for example, it is noted that...