1.The most important elements in a research report that reflect its theoretical framework are the variables and measures (or concepts and indicators for qualitative studies) of the study, which can be found in the methodology section of the report. Variables and measures are good representations of the study's framework because they mirror the relationships among variables that best describes a phenomenon or research issue. The theoretical and conceptual frameworks help in the development of the variables that will serve as the main focus of the study, while the operational framework is best reflected in the measures that will be utilized for each variable, as well as the operational definitions that will be used throughout the report.
             2.Ideally, a study must have a theoretical/conceptual framework, which will serve as the researcher's guide in determining the variables and measures, as well as analysis and interpretation of the data that will be generated. Without a framework, a research study will lack the foundation good and credible studies are known for: a strong measures for each variable and a well-defined, clear, and mutually exclusive definition of the important concepts and variables in the study. Qualitative researches, however, may be exploratory by design, and it is in these cases that grounded theory is used, wherein the researcher will develop theory based on the data generated from the qualitative study.
             3.An advantage of using an established model or framework is that it provides the study, in general, a more reliable and valid basis for the data analysis and interpretation. Grounded theory or developing one's own framework or model is beneficial in cases wherein it is essential to understand a phenomenon or issue based on a particular context not generally known to others. In effect, an established framework is more reliable and valid, while a newly-developed framework base don grounded theory...