Social stratification refers to the presence of distinct social groups
             which are ranked one above the other in terms of factors such as prestige
             and wealth (Haralambos & Holborn, 2004). Those who belong to a particular
             group or stratum will have some awareness of common interests and a common
             identity. They also share a similar lifestyle which, to some extent, will
             distinguish them from members of other social strata (Lenski, 1984). Social
             stratification involves a hierarchy of social groups and they either enjoy
             or suffer the unequal distribution of rewards in society as members of
             different social groups. Four principles are identified which help explain
             why social stratification exists. First, social stratification is a
             characteristic of society and not merely of individuals. Second, social
             stratification is universal but variable. Third, it persists over
             generations and fourth, it is supported by patterns of belief. There are
             different sociological perspectives which have been put forward about
             social stratification; the Functionalists and the Marxists.
             A Functionalist, (Parsons, 1954 in Haralambos & Holborn, 2004), has argued
             that stratification systems derive from common values. He proposes that
             those who perform successfully in terms of society's values will be ranked
             highly and they will be likely to receive a variety of rewards. At a
             minimum they will be accorded high prestige because they exemplify and
             personify common values. He also states that because different societies
             have different value systems, the ways of attaining a high position will
             Functionalists tend to see the relationship between social groups in
             society as one of co-operation and interdependence. Each group in society
             may specialize in a different activity, so no one group is self sufficient;
             they must therefore exchange goods and services with other groups (Lenski,
             1984). This relationship is extended t...