Deception in research occurs when researchers withhold
             information or misinform the participants purposely about the research.
             Deception gives false information about investigators or the purpose of the
             research or omitting information about the purpose of the research. The
             five articles chosen for this literature review include the rise and fall
             of deception in social psychology and personality research, and how
             deception is used intentionally in research.
             The Rise and Fall of Deception in Social Psychology and Personality Research
             Deception in research has occurred for many years and with many
             studies. Deception was rarely used during the developmental years in the
             1930s, but grew gradually until the 1950s. Due to changes in experimental
             methods, popularity of realistic effect experiments, and the influence of
             cognitive dissonance theory, deception increased during the years of 1950s
             and 1970s. Several surveys of literature have been used to complete this
             study to determine the length and depth of deception and its use. In this
             article, authors Nicks, Korn, and Mainieri wanted to explain the periods
             that deception was used the most and how participants were used in
             Deception can be defined in many ways, for example; a misstatement of
             fact or a false purpose for an experiment. In this study, articles from
             different times of years were used and the author of each responsible year
             would read articles during that timeframe and detect how many articles used
             deception in research. For example, the first author read the method
             sections of all articles from 1921 through 1948 that used human
             participants in JASP, and the second author repeated the search for JASP
             articles from 1921 through 1933. In the second phase of the research
             covered the periods of 1940 through 1994, and during this phase six
             different raters used a standard scoring sheet to determine...