How do we define racism? What are the main analytical modules used to explain the nature of racism in modern societies? How do we understand the changing forms of racial and social relations and what kind of political structures that they are based on? (Bulmer & Solomos, 1999). In their book 'Racism and Society'(1996), Solomos and Back have stated that over the past two decades, theoretical and political debates have raged over the status of race and racism both to the extent of social and analytical concepts. During the same period, it's obvious that for numerous political and policy debates the question of race has been the core issue. Nevertheless, as Miles and Brown (2003) claimed, the concept of racism is contested.
             Nowadays, in spite of the popular use of the word 'racism' in political and academic discourse, Miles and Brown (2003) thought readers may be surprised to know that it is of very recent origin. There is no reference to the word 'racism' in the Oxford English Dictionary of 1910 whereas there are accesses to race and racial. The OED Supplement of 1982 defines racism as 'the theory that distinctive human characteristics and abilities are determined by race' and records its first appearance in the English language in the 1930s. The usage of the term was first suggested in the book 'Race and Racism' (1983) by Ruth Benedict in which she defined racism as the principle that one ethnic group is criticized by nature to inherent inferiority and another group is designed to congenital superiority. She also gave out a notion of racism that it is the dogma that the hope of civilization depends upon discarding some races and maintaining others pure. It is the dogma that one race has kept on the progress with it throughout human history and can alone guarantee future progress. It is a 'dogma rampant' in the world today and which a couple of years ago was made into the German polity principle basis. According to Miles and Bro...