Kantian philosophy outlines the Universal Law Formation of the
             Categorical Imperative as a method for determining morality of
             actions. This formula is a two part test. First, one creates a maxim
             and considers whether the maxim could be a universal law for all
             rational beings. Second, one determines whether rational beings would
             will it to be a universal law. Once it is clear that the maxim passes
             both prongs of the test, there are no exceptions. As a paramedic faced
             with a distraught widow who asks whether her late husband suffered in
             his accidental death, you must decide which maxim to create and based
             on the test which action to perform. The maxim "when answering a
             widow's inquiry as to the nature and duration of her late husbands
             death, one should always tell the truth regarding the nature of her
             late husband's death" (M1) passes both parts of the Universal Law
             Formation of the Categorical Imperative. Consequently, according to
             Kant, M1 is a moral action. The initial stage of the Universal Law
             Formation of the Categorical Imperative requires that a maxim be
             universally applicable to all rational beings. M1 succeeds in passing
             the first stage. We can easily imagine a world in which paramedics
             always answer widows truthfully when queried. Therefore, this maxim is
             logical and everyone can abide by it without causing a logical
             impossibility. The next logical step is to apply the second stage of
             the test. The second requirement is that a rational being would
             will this maxim to become a universal law. In testing this part, you
             must decide whether in every case, a rational being would believe that
             the morally correct action is to tell the truth. First, it is clear
             that the widow expects to know the truth. A lie would only serve to
             spare her feelings if she believed it to be the truth. Therefore, even
             people who would consider lying to her, must con...